Abstract: Azo dye compounds of substantially neutral density which are particularly useful in liquid electrographic developers and are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen, --COOH, --CONH.sub.2, --SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or --SO.sub.3 M and M is a cation;R.sup.2 is a lower alkoxy radical, --OCH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2, or ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen or nitro; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different lower alkyl or lower hydroxyalkyl radicals.

Abstract: A suspension polymerization process for polymerizing a styrene-containing monomer composition in the presence of untreated carbon black to produce a polymer comprising more than 40 weight percent of styrene moiety is described. The monomer composition comprises at least one styrene monomer having a substituent with a Hammett sigma value more positive than about 0.06.

Abstract: A negatively charged liquid electrographic developer comprising an electrically insulating carrier liquid such as a paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction, having stably dispersed therein (a) a halogenated polymer, such as chlorinated polyethylene, and having dissolved therein (b) a copolymer of a quaternary ammonium salt monomer and a solubilizing monomer and (c) a copolymer of a polar monomer and a solubilizing monomer.

Abstract: Liquid developers for electrography are provided containing soluble polymeric dispersing agents that comprise a phosphonate moiety. The phosphonate moiety comprises a phosphonic acid group, a half-ester of a phosphonic acid group, or a salt of either of these groups.

Abstract: A fixing member having an abhesive surface for fusing a heat-softenable toner powder image to an appropriate receiving member is disclosed together with a fixing apparatus, e.g., a roller-fuser device, and a fixing process which employs such a fixing member. The surface of the fixing member bears an abhesive elastomeric fluoropolymer composition containing a crosslinked polymer comprising tetrafluoroethylene repeating units and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether repeating units.

Abstract: Liquid developers for electrography comprise an electrically insulating carrier liquid containing (1) an addition polymer comprising a polar moiety and at least one additional moiety having predetermined solubility characteristics with respect to the carrier liquid, (2) a polymer comprising a phosphonate moiety, and (3) a halogenated polymer.

Abstract: An improved method for the electroless plating of metals is accomplished by a sustainable direct metal-metal ion displacement reaction on porous metal surfaces. It is applicable whenever the plating metal is more electronegative than the porous metal surface on which it is to be plated. The porous metal must be a catalyst for the displacement reaction, and the pores of the porous metal surface must be large enough to enable plating solution to wet the internal surfaces of the pores and to enable cations of the porous metal to diffuse into the plating solution, but the pores must not be so large as to allow plating solution to circulate freely into them. The method comprises immersing an article having a porous metal surface in an alkaline aqueous solution containing cations of the plating metal. No chemical reducing agent for the metal cations is required in the plating bath.

Abstract: Liquid developers for electrography are provided containing soluble polymeric dispersing agents that comprise a phosphonate moiety. The phosphonate moiety comprises a phosphonic acid group, a half-ester of a phosphonic acid group, or a salt of either of these groups.

Abstract: An electrographic liquid developer comprising a carrier liquid and a marking particle which comprises a dye compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is H, COOH, CONH.sub.2, --SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or --SO.sub.3 M where M is Na.sup.+ or NH.sub.4 ;R.sup.2 is a lower alkoxy radical, --OCH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2, or ##STR2##where each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is a lower alkyl radical; andR.sup.3 is H, a lower alkyl radical, a lower alkoxy radical or NO.sub.2.

Abstract: An electrographic toner composition comprises a polyester resin that is the condensation product of from about 30 to about 100 mole percent 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, from 0 to about 70 mole percent 2,2'-oxydiethanol and terephthalic acid or any ester forming derivative thereof, the polyester resin having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.30.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of 4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo(2.2.2)octane salts as charge control agents for an electrostatic toner contained in dry electrographic developer compositions. These charge control agents preferably have the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic organic group having from 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, and X is an anion.

Abstract: Silver is recovered from photographic waste liquids containing emulsified silver, silver compounds, and gelatin by reacting therewith a proteolytic enzyme while the reactants are maintained in an alkaline condition. Then the reactants are acidified to a pH of 4.2 or less by introducing an acid such as HCl or H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. Precipitation of gelatin-bound silver and silver compounds occurs upon acidification, and the precipitate is allowed to settle out in a settling tank. Supernatant liquid is removed from the top, neutralized and sent to sewer. Settled sludge is removed from the bottom and silver recovered, as by incineration. The operation can be conducted either batch-wise or continuously.