Abstract: Coil arrangement for crystal pulling comprising two coils, wherein at least one of said two coils is arranged in a way to substantially surround the crystal and/or the fluid the crystal is pulled from. Method of forming a crystal comprising the steps of providing a fluid the crystal is pulled from, and providing two coils, wherein at least one of said two coils is arranged in a way to substantially surround the crystal and/or the fluid, and pulling the crystal from the fluid.
Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for treating a non-continuous particle beam produced by an accelerator in order to irradiate a target volume, wherein an irradiation spot located in the target volume is formed from this beam, and wherein the location of the irradiation spot is controlled by location controlling elements. The setting of the location controlling elements may take place in between subsequent particle bunches of the beam, for example.