Abstract: A time difference between two similar but time-shifted signals is determined using a difference function. For example, similar but time-shifted first and second signals are sampled to generate a discrete mathematical function whose discrete sample points define overlapping ranges. Typically, at least one of the multiple overlapping ranges defined by sample points of the discrete mathematical function can be used to interpolate a time difference between the first and second signals.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer assembly for generating and receiving ultrasonic vibrating forces comprises an ultrasonic transducer and a unitary housing for mounting to a marine vessel. The housing has a cavity formed therein for disposing the ultrasonic transducer. An acoustic window portion transmissive to the sonic vibrating forces is formed in the bottom of the housing. The ultrasonic transducer includes a transducer element having a cork layer on its sides and inner foam layer on its top surface. A potting material such as urethane encapsulates the ultrasonic transducer in the cavity. A portion of the potting material forms a potting layer between the bottom surface of the transducer element and the acoustic window portion of the housing.

Abstract: A through-hull speed sensor of the magnetized paddlewheel sensor type wherein a paddlewheel is rotatably supported in a cavity adjacent a magnetic sensing device which generates electrical pulses corresponding to paddlewheel speed as the wheel rotates when the vessel moves through water. The sensor has improved linearity provided by a flow channel recessed in a downstream surface of a sensor mounting member. The recessed flow channel raises the trailing edge above the leading edge, thereby reducing pressure on a back wall of the cavity where the pressure is due to fluid flow through the paddlewheel.