Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and method for use with a moving vehicle. The apparatus comprises antenna circuitry for communicating with a main cell using an antenna configuration. Configuration circuitry performs an analysis process in which the antenna configuration is changed to communicate with and create a measurement of each of a plurality of candidate cells including the main cell, and to provide a result of the analysis process to the main cell. Control circuitry causes the configuration circuitry to perform the analysis process with a predetermined period. The control circuitry is configured to dynamically change the predetermined period based on at least one characteristic of a received signal of the main cell.

Abstract: There is provided a mobile radio device and a method of operating a mobile radio device. The mobile radio device is provided with storage circuitry to store location information defining locations of a first plurality of base stations. The mobile radio device is further provided with connection circuitry to make an attempt to connect to a candidate base station of the first plurality of base stations using a beam steered in a direction of the candidate base station, and to receive signals from the direction of the candidate base station. The mobile radio device is further provided with calculation circuitry to generate, based on the received signals, status information defining a connectivity characteristic of each of a second plurality of base stations, and to calculate a ranked list of candidate base stations from the first plurality of base stations and the second plurality of base stations.

Abstract: Antenna elements support RF communication over a communication link using frequency channels, RF processing circuits, and configuration circuitry to apply a selected configuration. Each configuration identifies processing circuit to antenna element couplings, and which frequency channel is allocated to each RF processing circuit. A reinforcement learning process is applied to dynamically alter which configuration to apply as a currently selected configuration. The reinforcement learning process maintains a future rewards record having entries that maintain, for an associated combination of link state and configuration, an estimated future rewards indication determined using a discounted rewards mechanism. A selection policy selects a configuration for a current link state, and then a new reward is observed that is dependent on how the selected configuration alters a chosen performance metric for the communication link.

Abstract: An apparatus is described, comprising circuitry to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle, the plurality of base stations comprising a current base station and one or more other base stations, circuitry to obtain moving vehicle tracking information for the moving vehicle, circuitry to determine, based on the moving vehicle tracking information and the base station location information, transmission adjustment control information associated with each other base station, and an interface configured to transmit, for reception by the moving vehicle, the transmission adjustment control information associated with at least a selected other base station, to enable the moving vehicle to adjust a signal transmitted to the selected other base station when a handover procedure is performed to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the selected other base station.

Abstract: Ellipticity reduction in circularly polarized array antennas is provided herein. An antenna array may include a processor that is configured to control a plurality of elements, each of the plurality of elements producing an elliptically polarized wave having an eccentricity value, the elliptically polarized wave traveling along a direction of propagation, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of elements are incrementally clocked around their direction of propagation, so that a combined output of the plurality of elements is substantially circularly polarized.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for performing a handover analysis. The apparatus comprises base station location identifying circuitry to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle. In addition, moving vehicle tracking circuitry is provided to obtain position and velocity information for the moving vehicle. Handover metrics computation circuitry is then used to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in said plurality to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station in said plurality to the target base station.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, and a method of operation of a wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, are described. The wireless communication system comprises an antenna system configured to receive a received signal from a further antenna system and to transmit a transmitted signal to the further antenna system, communication control circuitry to control operation of the antenna system, and analysis circuitry. The analysis circuitry is configured to obtain at least one item of information from the received signal, and perform a Doppler adjustment process to determine, based on the at least one item of information, an adjusted transmitted frequency (ft) to be used for transmission of the transmitted signal from the antenna system, such that an observed frequency of the transmitted signal at the further antenna system is a predetermined uplink frequency (fUL).

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is provided that has a strip of antenna elements extending in a first dimension, and a signal processing interface for connection to signal processing circuitry. A plurality of beamforming networks are also provided, wherein each beamforming network is arranged, when coupled to the strip of antenna elements, to cause an associated beam pattern of the beamforming network to be generated by the strip of antenna elements. Switching circuitry is used to enable any one of the plurality of beamforming networks to be inserted between the strip of antenna elements and the signal processing interface. Each beamforming network couples a first node of the beamforming network with multiple second nodes of the beamforming network in accordance with a coupling pattern of that beamforming network.

Abstract: At least some embodiments provide a wireless radio system comprising: compensation circuitry to adjust, based on a scan loss of an outgoing signal due to beamforming, a transmission power of the outgoing signal by a scan loss adjustment amount to produce an adjusted signal; transmission circuitry to transmit the adjusted signal; reception circuitry to receive an incoming signal at a reception power; input adjustment circuitry configured to adjust the reception power of the incoming signal based on the scan loss adjustment amount to produce an adjusted input signal.

Abstract: There is provided a wireless radio system comprising compensation circuitry to adjust, based on a scan loss of an outgoing signal due to beamforming, a transmission power of the outgoing signal by a scan loss adjustment amount to produce an adjusted signal. Transmission circuitry transmits the adjusted signal and reception circuitry receives an incoming signal at a reception power. Calculation circuitry performs a calculation of a path loss based on a difference between the transmission power and the reception power and adjusts the path loss. Reporting circuitry reports an indication of the path loss adjusted by the calculation circuitry to the base station. The calculation circuitry adjusts the path loss based on the scan loss adjustment amount.

Abstract: Omni-directional orthogonally-polarized antenna system for MIMO applications are disclosed herein. An example antenna system can have two arrays of horizontally polarized radiating elements, and two arrays of vertically polarized radiating elements, each array having roughly 180-degree radiation pattern, disposed about a central axis in a common horizontal plane, arrays of common polarization separated by 180-degrees, such that MIMO processing of signals to the arrays of common polarization results in a radiation pattern that is substantially constant over 360-degrees in azimuth.

Abstract: An apparatus is described, comprising circuitry to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle, the plurality of base stations comprising a current base station and one or more other base stations, circuitry to obtain moving vehicle tracking information for the moving vehicle, circuitry to determine, based on the moving vehicle tracking information and the base station location information, transmission adjustment control information associated with each other base station, and an interface configured to transmit, for reception by the moving vehicle, the transmission adjustment control information associated with at least a selected other base station, to enable the moving vehicle to adjust a signal transmitted to the selected other base station when a handover procedure is performed to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the selected other base station.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, and a method of operation of a wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, are described. The wireless communication system comprises an antenna system configured to receive a received signal from a further antenna system and to transmit a transmitted signal to the further antenna system, communication control circuitry to control operation of the antenna system, and analysis circuitry. The analysis circuitry is configured to obtain at least one item of information from the received signal, and perform a Doppler adjustment process to determine, based on the at least one item of information, an adjusted transmitted frequency (ft) to be used for transmission of the transmitted signal from the antenna system, such that an observed frequency of the transmitted signal at the further antenna system is a predetermined uplink frequency (fUL).

Abstract: A method for performing a handover analysis is provided. The method can include obtaining base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle, obtaining position and velocity information for the moving vehicle, and generating at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the target base station. This enables a variety of handover metrics to be generated that take into account the deployment of the wireless network, which can be useful in systems such as Air to Ground (ATG) systems where the moving vehicles have a relatively high velocity, and the base stations may be relatively far apart.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, and a method of operation of a wireless communication system for a moving vehicle, are described. The wireless communication system comprises an antenna system configured to receive a received signal from a further antenna system and to transmit a transmitted signal to the further antenna system, communication control circuitry to control operation of the antenna system, and analysis circuitry. The analysis circuitry is configured to obtain at least one item of information from the received signal, and perform a Doppler adjustment process to determine, based on the at least one item of information, an adjusted transmitted frequency (ft) to be used for transmission of the transmitted signal from the antenna system, such that an observed frequency of the transmitted signal at the further antenna system is a predetermined uplink frequency (fUL).

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for providing enhanced network coverage in a wireless network. The apparatus has a first antenna system for providing a first sector of a network, and a second antenna system for providing a second sector of the network. Further, the apparatus has a third antenna system for communicating with a base station of the network to provide a common wireless backhaul link for the first sector and the second sector. The apparatus also comprises control circuitry to monitor a performance characteristic of the common wireless backhaul link, and in dependence on the performance characteristic, to implement at least one mechanism to influence whether items of user equipment within at least one of the first sector and the second sector connect to the network via the apparatus.

Abstract: A dipole antenna apparatus, and method of manufacture of such an apparatus, are provided. The antenna apparatus has a conductive plate extending in a first plane, and a pair of conductive elements arranged to form a dipole antenna, where the pair of conductive elements are located in a second plane parallel to the first plane. Each conductive element forms a conductive ring in the second plane that surrounds a non-conductive inner area. The first conductive element in the pair of conductive elements has a conductive bridge extending across the conductive ring to divide the non-conductive inner area into at least two portions. A conductive connection then extends from the conductive bridge to the conductive plate.

Abstract: The present technique provides an antenna apparatus and a method of operating an antenna apparatus comprising a first antenna array and a second antenna array. Antenna positioning circuitry is used to move the first antenna array relative to the second antenna array about a common axis of rotation to facilitate positioning of the first and second antenna arrays in a chosen deployment configuration between a first limit and a second limit. Antenna array control circuitry is used to coordinate operation of the first antenna array and the second antenna array dependent on the chosen deployment configuration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for configuring the zone served by a base station providing wireless communication for a plurality of user equipment located in moving vehicles are disclosed. Motion reports are received from the user equipment, indicating a current location, a current direction of motion, and a current speed of the moving vehicles. The motion reports are received from at least one of: user equipment currently using the base station for wireless communication; user equipment currently within the zone served by the base station, but not using the base station for wireless communication; and/or user equipment currently using at least one neighbouring base station to the base station for wireless communication. A configuration for the zone served by the base station is then determined, based on the motion reports and on locations of the base station and of the at least one neighbouring base station. The configuration for the zone served by the base station is then applied to the base station.

Abstract: Multi-band antenna arrays and methods of use are provided herein. An example device includes vertical surfaces arranged into a tubular configuration, where each of the vertical surfaces comprising antenna arrays is aligned along the vertical surfaces. The antenna elements are arrayed through a feed network in such a way that antenna gain is increased while elevation beam-width is reduced. The device also includes two or more radios connected to the antenna arrays on the vertical surfaces via the feed network.