Abstract: A friction material is disclosed, which is characterized in that, in the friction material comprising reinforcing material, friction modifier, solid lubricant and thermosetting organic binder, said thermosetting organic binder is a resin having less hydroxyl group content compared with phenol resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite friction material for brakes comprising a main friction material containing thermosetting resin as a binder, and a layer of high friction material with a higher friction coefficient than said main friction material for exhibiting a high braking power on initial application, which high friction layer is provided on the surface of said main friction material and contains a phenol resin of not more than 5 wt. %.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake pressure control apparatus in which a relief valve is disposed in a fluid passage communicating a fluid pressure chamber of a master cylinder with an ejection end of a fluid pump for discharging a brake fluid to a reservoir when the brake fluid pressure in the fluid passage exceeds a predetermined value and the relief valve opens. An abutting direction of a valve member of the relief valve against a valve seat is the same as a discharging direction of the brake fluid during the opening operation of the relief valve.

Abstract: A method of controlling a traction of a vehicle, comprising the steps of reading a value determining a throttle opening and closing speed from a first throttle control map from which said throttle opening and closing speed are determined on the basis of a difference in speed between a driving and non-driving wheel speeds and of an acceleration of the driving wheel, and converting said value to an actual throttle opening and closing speed with a conversion rate corresponding to an acceleration of the non-driving wheel thereby controlling the throttle of the vehicle.

Abstract: A brake hydraulic pressure control apparatus providing anti-lock control for preventing the locking of vehicle wheels during braking and providing traction control to prevent slipping of the vehicle wheels during starting or accelerating of the vehicle, comprises a master cylinder assembly, hydraulic passages within the master cylinder assembly, a distributor assembly removably attached to the master cylinder assembly. The distributor assembly includes a predetermined number of control channels for controlling vehicle wheels, a predetermined number of hydraulic passages, and a predetermined number of electromagnetic valves corresponding to the predetermined number of control channels. The electromagnetic valves are disposed in the hydraulic passages for performing the anti-lock and traction control on the vehicle wheels.

Abstract: A brake hydraulic pressure control apparatus providing anti-lock control for preventing the locking of vehicle wheels during braking and providing traction control to prevent slipping of the vehicle wheels during starting or accelerating of the vehicle, the apparatus comprises a master cylinder assembly including a body portion and an adaptor portion removably attached to an end of the body portion. A distributor assembly removably attached to the master cylinder assembly includes a predetermined number of control channels for controlling vehicle wheels and a predetermined number of electromagnetic valves corresponding to the predetermined number of control channels. The electromagnetic valves are disposed in hydraulic passages for performing anti-lock and traction control on the vehicle wheels. An anti-lock control electromagnetic valve having opposed ends is disposed between the body portion and the adaptor portion, wherein the anti-lock control valve includes a first and second ports.

Abstract: In a traction control system for motor vehicles, a lower limit for throttle opening degree command with respect to each gear position of transmission is set up, and when the transmission is shifted up, the throttle opening degree command is decreased down to the lower limit for throttle opening degree command corresponding to the gear position assumed through the shift-up operation.

Abstract: A wheel acceleration slip control device for a vehicle, such as an automobile, in which the degree of opening of the throttle is controlled according to the difference between a driven wheel corresponding speed or driven wheel speed and each of a first and a second threshold values which are determined with respect to a vehicle speed. Control maintains the degree of the degree of opening of the throttle when the driven wheel corresponding speed or driven wheel speed is between the first and second threshold values, whereby excessively large variations of engine torque are prevented, the engine speed can be stably increased, and the vehicle can be smoothly accelerated.

Abstract: The pressure increase of the brake hydraulic pressure starts again at a time point where the wheel speed, which has been decelerated due to an increase in the brake hydraulic pressure, recovers the speed due to the subsequent pressure decrease and holding of the brake hydraulic pressure and reaches the speed (Vv-Vx) which is lower than the computed vehicles speed Vv by a predetermined value .DELTA.Vx, where the predetermined value .DELTA.Vx varies in accordance with the magnitude of the friction coefficient of the road surface.

Abstract: A traction control system includes a control rod connected to a throttle lever and being slidable with respect to a housing to which an accelerator pedal is connected. The control rod is movable in response to a driving wheel acceleration slip signal so as to return the throttle lever. A control device controls the movement of the control rod. A set spring acts between the control rod and the housing. The set spring has such a spring force that the set spring is not compressed by the pressing-down of the accelerator pedal in the absence of the driving wheel acceleration slip signal, so that the control rod can be moved together with the housing. The spring force of the set spring is such that during the above movement of the control rod, the set spring is compressed when the accelerator pedal is strongly pressed down.

Abstract: A multiple disc brake apparatus provided with at least one rotor rotatable with a vehicle wheel, a housing secured to an unrotatable portion of the vehicle, at least two pads supported by the housing and located on both sides of the rotors, a cylinder member secured to the housing, and a piston member mounted on the cylinder member to urge each pad against a frictional surface of the rotor responsive to a supply of a pressurized brake fluid to the cylinder. The cylinder member includes a main part fitted sealably in the cylinder member, a sub-part disposed between the main part and the pads, and a first heat-resistant member provided between the main part and the sub-part, in such a manner that the main part, the first heat-resistant member and the sub-part are arranged in series. The cylinder member is independently provided from the housing, and the cylinder member is fixedly secured to the housing through a second heat-resistant member.

Abstract: A traction control method/apparatus for motor vehicles is arranged such that at an initial stage of the starting or accelerating operation of the motor vehicle where a large amount of slip of the driving wheel tends to be caused, a braking force is sufficiently applied to the driving wheel to restrain the slip thereof; and after the engine output is adjusted through accelerator or throttle control which is performed simultaneously with the application of the braking force, the procedure for controlling the brake hydraulic pressure is changed to eliminate the difference between the lefthand and righthand driving wheel speeds.

Abstract: An anti-lock control apparatus for a vehicle, comprising, a sensor for sensing wheel speeds of the vehicle, a braking system for braking the vehicle wheels, and a controller for controlling the braking system, according to an output of the wheel speeds sensors. The controller set a vehicle speed, a first and second threshold speeds, whereby the first and second threshold speeds follow over time the vehicle speed with a constant prescribed speed difference so as to satisfy the relation Vv>VT1>VT2, where Vv, VT1 and VT2 represent the vehicle speed, first and second threshold speeds, respectively.

Abstract: In a traction control system for motor vehicles, the design is made such that during traction control operation, detection is made as to whether both the left-hand and the right-hand driving wheel speed have become equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value, and detection is also made as to whether one of the driving wheel speeds which is increasing and the other one of the driving wheel speeds which is decreasing, have crossed each other; when the results of such detections are both "YES", this is regarded as an indication that a hunting phenomenon is likely to occur, and in response thereto, buildup and reduction of the brake hydraulic pressure is restricted; during the restriction, detection is made as to whether both of the driving wheel speeds have become equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value, the above-mentioned restriction is removed.

Abstract: In a traction control system for motor vehicles, a plurality of threshold values which are higher than the vehicle speed (equal to the non-driving wheel speed) are set up; the wheel speed as increasing or decreasing is compared with the above-mentioned plurality of threshold values to effect buildup or reduction of the brake fluid pressure; and holding of the brake fluid pressure is effected on the basis of a variation in the acceleration/deceleration of the driving wheel; in the case where the holding control mode in which the brake fluid pressure is held, persists for a predetermined time period or longer when the driving wheel speed is higher than a specific one of the above-mentioned plurality of threshold values, the holding control mode is switched to buildup control mode.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for controlling brake fluid pressure of a vehicle. A supply valve of the normally closed type is opened only at the time of an anti-lock control so as to supply fluid pressure from an accumulator to a pressure fluid chamber of a master cylinder. An intake valve normally shuts off the communication between the accumulator and the fluid pressure chamber. A valve operating member for movement with a main piston of the master cylinder is engageable with a distal end of the intake valve projecting into the fluid pressure chamber to open the intake valve when the stroke of the main piston reaches a predetermined value, thereby communicating the fluid pressure chamber with the accumulator. An auxiliary piston is slidably mounted around the main piston so as to urge the main piston to move at the time of the traction control. A fluid pressure within an auxiliary fluid pressure chamber provided around the auxiliary piston acts on the auxiliary piston.

Abstract: A system in which the throttle wire of an automobile engine to be operated by the accelerator pedal is arranged to as well be used for controlling a traction is disclosed.Since the present invention is structured in such a manner that an accelerator pulley and a traction pulley are provided such that they can rotate, the accelerator pulley is arranged to be able to rotate in a first direction in which the throttle is opened by the accelerator wire connected to the accelerator pedal, while the traction pulley is arranged to be able to rotate in a second direction which is opposite to the first direction by an actuator with a traction cable, and the throttle connected to the throttle wire is returned by the rotation of the traction pulley in the second direction, the throttle can be returned to the closing direction as to reduce the engine output when detection of an acceleration slip is arisen at the start or during running of the automobile.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve used in a hydraulic-pressure brake device, etc. is disclosed. The electromagnetic valve is so designed that the movement of its plungers is not hindered by the working liquid. Cylindrical members are arranged between the casing of the electromagnetic valve and its plungers, defining a bypass passage between the respective outer peripheral surfaces of the cylindrical members and the inner peripheral surface of the casing. With this structure, most of the liquid flowing with the opening/closing movement of valve members operatively connected to the plungers is allowed to flow through the bypass passage, thus making it possible to provide an electromagnetic valve having a high control responsiveness, without enlarging the size of the plungers.

Abstract: A hydraulic pump is disclosed, characterized in that, in the hydraulic pump including a cylinder body having a cylinder chamber, a suction port and an ejection port, a cam member and a reciprocatingly movable member are provided, wherein oil in said cylinder chamber is ejected when said movable member is pushed into said cylinder chamber by the cam member, a cylindrical piston is slidably fitted into said cylinder chamber, so that the movable member is engaged with the cylindrical piston when it is pushed into the cylinder chamber so shut off communication between the cylinder chamber and the suction port and a valve provided in the ejection passage communicating to said ejection port is opened due to the pressure rise when said movable member is further pushed into said cylinder chamber to eject the oil in the cylinder chamber outwardly.

Abstract: A hydraulic booster includes a power piston which is inserted slidably into a cylinder member and has a tip portion which is coupled to a piston of a master cylinder, a pressure chamber disposed in the rear of the power piston, a return valve provided in such a manner as to open and close a channel for connecting the pressure chamber to a reservoir, and a supply valve disposed in such a manner as to connect the pressure chamber to a high-pressure fluid source, a high-pressure fluid being introduced into the pressure chamber as the return valve is closed and the supply valve is opened. A valve sleeve is slidably inserted in the power piston and is urged rearwardly of the power piston by a spring, and a cam portion provided in the valve sleeve is employed to open and close the supply valve.