Abstract: A heat sink includes a base and fins attached to the base. A flow diverter is in contact with the base or at least one of the fins and is configured to disturb a laminar flow region of a fluid flowing adjacent to at least one of the fins or the base.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a surface and a first active element connected to the surface. The first active element is configured to move from a first position relative to the surface to a second position relative to the surface. The movement alters the heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a base and a heat exchange element monolithically connected to the base. The heat exchange element has a surface that at least partially bounds first and second paths through the heat exchange element. The surface forms an upper boundary of the first and second paths and includes an opening therethrough connecting the first and second paths.

Abstract: A method includes forming a contiguous semiconducting region that includes polyaromatic molecules. The region is heated to a temperature above room temperature in the presence of a dopant gas and the absence of light to form a doped organic semiconducting region.

Abstract: A system and method for determining optimal selection of paths for passively monitoring a communications network. A diagnostic set of paths is determined by ensuring that, for all pairs of links in the network, the set contains one path having only one member of that pair. A detection subset of paths is determined by ensuring that, for all the links in the network, one member of the subset contains that link. Selecting a minimum detection and diagnostic set of paths minimizes the communication overhead imposed by monitoring. During normal operation, only the detection subset need be monitored. Once an anomaly is detected, the system may switch to monitoring the full diagnostic set. The cost of deploying and operating the passive monitoring equipment is minimized by determining the minimum set of links on which a probe needs to be placed in order to monitor the diagnostic set of paths.

Abstract: A replica/cache locator, a method to locate replication tables and caches in an overlay network having multiple nodes and an overlay network. In one embodiment, the method includes: (1) determining a network distance between a first node of the multiple nodes in the overlay network and each of the remaining multiple nodes, (2) calculating m clusters of the multiple nodes based on the network distances and (3) designating at least a single node from the m clusters to include a replication table of the first node.

Abstract: A method comprising forming a structural element 115 on a surface 620 of a layer 510 via an electroless plating of nickel or cobalt 130 onto the surface, the layer being rigidly fixed to an underlying substrate 110. The method also comprises etching away a portion of the layer such that a part of the structural element is able to move with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus. In one embodiment, this apparatus includes a substrate having a surface, and a plurality of nanostructures each having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of each of the plurality of nanostructures is attached to the surface. At least a portion of the second ends of the plurality of nanostructures, in this embodiment, are bent toward one another to form two or more similarly configured clumps each including two or more nanostructures.