Abstract: The method includes at an initiating router generating a multicast echo request message that at least includes an identifier of a multicast tree and an indication of at least one responding router that should respond to the multicast echo request message; and sending the multicast echo request message to a downstream router of the initiating router along the multicast datapath of the multicast tree.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for delivering content to one or more content destination nodes. A method includes receiving content utility prediction information for a content item, selecting a content distribution mode for the content item using the content utility prediction information, and propagating the content item toward at least one of the content destination nodes using the selected content distribution mode and, optionally, with a defined priority, sequence, or schedule. The content utility prediction information is associated with the content destination nodes, and is indicative of a level of utility of the content item to the content destination nodes. The content distribution mode may include any content distribution mode, such as broadcast, switched broadcast, multicast, unicast, and the like. The content utility prediction information is received from one or more content prediction nodes.

Abstract: A user equipment, intermediate proxy node, method and computer program are disclosed. The user equipment comprises a network control domain and a user domain and is operable to receive and transmit data via multiple communication paths. The user equipment has conversion logic within the user domain operable to convert between a single data stream and multiple data streams formed from the single data stream, such that at least two of the multiple communication paths may be used for transmission of the multiple data streams formed from the single data stream.

Abstract: The method of transmitting data includes encoding, at an optical line terminal, data to be transmitted over a plurality of wavelength channels; providing the encoded data to corresponding lasers as modulation inputs, to enable the lasers to generate optical signals representing the data; multiplexing the optical signals; and equalizing the multiplexed optical signals for transmission via an optical transmission link. The method of receiving data includes de-multiplexing, at an optical network unit, optical signals received from an optical transmission link; selecting, from the de-multiplexed optical signals, an optical signal corresponding to a particular wavelength channel; converting the selected optical signal into electric signals; and decoding the electric signal to determine the data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for transmitting uplink grant, the method comprising: transmitting the uplink grant by selecting a downlink subframe from a plurality of candidate downlink subframes each of the plurality of downlink subframes enabling scheduling of at least one user equipment to start transmitting burst data in a uplink subframe.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communications. For example, scheduling information is received at a terminal device from a network device, the scheduling information at least indicates physical resource blocks shared by a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the terminal device and a further DMRS of at least one further terminal device, and different sub-carriers allocated to the DMRS and the further DMRS in each of physical resource blocks, and the number of physical resource blocks is indivisible by a total number of the terminal device and the at least one further terminal device. The DMRS is generated, and a length of the DMRS is determined based on the number of physical resource blocks and the number of at least one further terminal device. The DMRS is transmitted to the network device on the sub-carriers allocated to the DMRS in the physical resource blocks.

Abstract: A method for managing a virtual radio access network which serves a radio cell is provided. The method includes selecting, based on a radio access technology of the radio cell, a construction scheme for the virtual radio access network in a repository. Further, the method includes querying, from the repository, at least one software component associated to the construction scheme. The software component represents a virtualized network function of the virtual radio access network. The method additionally includes setting up, using the software component, the virtualized network function on a runtime platform according to the construction scheme.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method and apparatus. For example, at a first device, a resource for data transmission is randomly selected, and the resource is used to transmit data. In addition, the first device sends, to a second device, an indication that the first device will continue to use the resource for transmitting further data. A corresponding apparatus is further disclosed in the present disclosure.

Abstract: It is proposed a device to process data to be transmitted via a first radio module of a radio communications network, in which data to be transmitted is mapped on subcarriers and in the radio module subsequently up-converted to a radio frequency higher than the subcarrier frequencies, wherein the subcarriers are grouped into frequency subbands, and wherein at least one subband is scalable with at least one subband parameter, wherein a subband parameter is in particular a subcarrier spacing, and wherein in at least one subband at least two different parameters, in particular subcarrier spacings, can be used.

Abstract: Examples relate to a method for a mobile communication system. The mobile communication system includes a base station communicating with a plurality of associated mobile stations using a downlink radio frame comprising a plurality of subframes. Further, the method includes generating a master sub-frame of the downlink radio frame by the base station. The master sub-frame includes scheduling information indicating which of the mobile stations are candidates for scheduling in sub-frames other than the master sub-frame of the downlink radio frame, and which of the mobile stations are scheduled by the base station in the master sub-frame. Additionally, the method includes transmitting the master sub-frame to the plurality of associated mobile stations by the base station. Further, the method includes reading the scheduling information of the master sub-frame by at least one mobile station of the plurality of associated mobile stations.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, the method includes determining a second sequence of numbers of digits for encoding the respective integer coefficient values of the first sequence, the second sequence including, as first element, a first number of digits for encoding the first integer coefficient value of the first sequence, and as second and subsequent elements, constrained numbers of digits that are greater than or equal to respective minimum required numbers of digits for encoding the second and subsequent integer coefficient values of the first sequence. The constrained numbers of digits are such that any two successive elements of the second sequence do not differ from each other by more than a given threshold value. The method further includes encoding difference values between the successive elements of the second sequence; and encoding the integer coefficient values of the first sequence using the respective numbers of digits of the second sequence.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of charging session management. The method comprises, at a first node of a communication system, receiving an indication of charging termination associated with a terminal device from a second node of the communication system, where the indication of charging termination at least specifies a time length; detecting traffic for the terminal device in response to receiving the indication of charging termination; and in response to the traffic for the terminal device being lower than a predetermined threshold, starting a timer for terminating a charging session of the terminal device after the time length. Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a corresponding device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for optical communication. For example, there is provided a method implemented at a passive optical network device configured to perform high-rate communication via a bandwidth-limited link. The method comprises: receiving, via the bandwidth-limited link, a training signal from an optical network unit; obtaining a delay signal by delay-sampling the training signal; determining, based on the delay signal, a first channel response of the bandwidth-limited link, the first channel response characterizing change of the training signal caused by the bandwidth-limited link; and compensating, based on the first channel response, a communication signal received via the bandwidth-limited link from the optical network unit, to reduce distortion of the communication signal. A corresponding apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a communication method, a network device and a terminal device. There is provided a communication method implemented at a network device, comprising: determining power allocation information for multiuser superposition transmission, the power allocation information indicating power allocation for the multiuser superposition transmission between a near terminal device and far terminal devices on one or more spatial layers; and transmitting the power allocation information to the near terminal device dynamically. There is also provided a communication method implemented at a terminal device, as well as corresponding network device and terminal device.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for performing analog CSI feedback in a user equipment, comprising: a. obtaining an analog CSI matrix corresponding to the user equipment, the analog CSI matrix satisfies a condition below: X XH=D, where X denotes the analog CSI matrix, H denotes conjugate transpose of matrix, and D denotes a diagonal matrix; b. obtaining dominated element information corresponding to the analog CSI matrix according to predetermined index information, and transmitting the dominated element information to a base station. The solution according to the present disclosure can reduce feedback overheads to a greater extent, has a high CSI feedback quality, and can reliably implement CSI recovery at the base station side.

Abstract: A vectoring controller is configured to determine first coefficient values for a vectoring matrix at a first tone based on a first number of iterations through an iterative update algorithm and a first channel matrix estimate at the first tone, and to determine second coefficient values for the vectoring matrix at a second neighboring tone based on a second number of iterations through the iterative update algorithm and a second channel matrix estimate at the second tone. The vectoring controller is configured to start with the first coefficient values as initial values for the respective second coefficient values in the iterative update algorithm. The second number of iterations is lower than or equal to the first number of iterations.

Abstract: A transmitting device performs a channel assessment in a previous sub-frame in an unlicensed carrier. After a successful channel assessment, the transmitting device starts a data transmission. The transmitting device transmits a control message for indicating the data transmission in (E)PDCCH. The control message may include the starting time of the data transmission and/or at least one transmission characteristic in the previous sub-frame. The transmission device may transmit an initial control message for indicating a potential data transmission being started in the sub-frame in which the initial control message is transmitting. Method and apparatus enable (E)CCA to take place at any time, and data transmission to start earlier than the next sub-frame boundary after a successful completion of (E)CCA, thus improving the data transmission capacity, especially in circumstances when the maximum length of transmission is constrained.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a first network element includes a memory storing computer-readable instructions and at least one processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to cause the first network element to, obtain user equipment (UE)-side parameter values from a user domain of the UE, convert a first data stream received from a second network element into multiple second data streams over multiple data communication paths between the UE and the first network element and allocate the multiple second data streams to at least one of the multiple data communication paths based on the UE-side parameter values.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for coordination of transmission from a first and at least one further base station (M1, P1), wherein said first base station (M1, P1) evaluates the usage by said at least one further base station (M1, P1) of at least one subframe, and said first base station (M1, P1) uses said at least one subframe for transmission dependent on the evaluated usage by said at least one further base station (M1, P1) of said at least one subframe, and a base station therefore.

Abstract: Improved virtualized application performance is provided through disabling of unnecessary functions, such as unnecessary encryption and decryption operations. An example method performed by a hypervisor includes the steps of obtaining a request from a first virtual machine to perform one or more of encrypting and decrypting of a communication between the first virtual machine and a second virtual machine; determining when the first and second virtual machines execute on a same host as the hypervisor; and in response to the first and second virtual machines executing on the same host: processing the communication without performing the one or more of encrypting and decrypting of the communication, wherein the hypervisor initiates an encryption of further communications between the first virtual machine and the second virtual machine in response to at least one of the first virtual machine and the second virtual machine being moved from the same host.