Abstract: Some embodiments in the present disclosure relate to an apparatus and methods to excite a trapped ion. A first laser beam and a second laser beam pass through at least one common lens of an objective. The two laser beams are focused by said objective at the position of the trapped ion. A moving standing wave is generated at the position of the trapped ion, which induces a force on the trapped ion. Two ions may be entangled by generating such moving standing wave at the respective positions of both of said ions.

Abstract: A method of measuring a physical quantity implemented in a hybrid classical-quantum system, the method comprising initializing the plurality of controllable quantum systems in an initial state, applying a set of preparation gates to the plurality of controllable quantum systems for preparing the plurality of controllable quantum systems in a non-classical state, evolving the non-classical state over a time period for obtaining an evolved state of the plurality of controllable quantum systems, applying a set of decoding gates to the plurality of controllable quantum systems in the evolved state, performing a measurement of the plurality of controllable quantum systems, and determining a derived value of the physical quantity based on a mapping function between an outcome of the measurement and the physical quantity on the classical computation system.

Abstract: An ion trap device is disclosed with a method of manufacturing thereof including a substrate, first and second RF electrode rails, first and second DC electrodes on either upper or lower side of substrate, and a laser penetration passage connected to ion trapping zone from outer side of the first or second side of substrate. The substrate includes ion trapping zone in space defined by first and second sides of substrate separated by a distance with reference to width direction of ion trap device. The first and second RF electrode rails are arranged in parallel longitudinally of ion trap device. The first RF electrode is arranged on upper side of first side, the second DC electrode is arranged on lower side of first side, the first DC electrode is arranged on upper side of second side, and the second RF electrode rail is arranged on lower side of second side.