Abstract: A scanning pattern drawing apparatus which scans the surface of a workpiece with a light beam so that a pattern is described on the workpiece with the issued light beam being controlled on the basis of pattern drawing data stored in a pattern memory, wherein the pattern drawing apparatus is able to read many pieces of data in a short period of time even if the frequency of the timing pulses is reduced and which therefore is capable of drawing a precise pattern on a workpiece. A scanning pulse generator produces as scanning pulse in response to a predetermined amount of scanning with the light beam. The scanning pulse is converted to a plurality of resulting timing pulses, and successive parallel outputs of the timing pulses are produced after delaying by a predetermined time. The pattern drawing data is read from the pattern memory in response to the delayed timing pulses.

Abstract: A sintered hydroxycalcium apatite body having an average particle size of 50-2,000 .mu.m is used to form a packing in a cell separating column for use in separating groups or populations of cells from a suspension of animal cells.

Abstract: A Kepler-type erect image viewfinder includes a first prism having an emergent surface being formed of a spherical or an aspherical surface and having a positive power. A second prism has an incident surface being formed of a spherical or aspherical surface and also having a positive power. The emergent surface of the first prism is spaced apart from the incident surface of the second prism, with an image-forming plane being positioned closer to the incident surface of the second prism than the emergent surface of the first prism. This arrangement enhances image magnification and compensates for field curvature, while simultaneously allowing for the viewfinder to have a reduced overall length.

Abstract: A drawing surface adjusting mechanism suitable for use with a large scanning pattern drawing apparatus in which a scanning optical system scans drawing rays of light along scanning lines on a workpiece on a drawing board. A plurality of light-emitting units project rays of light in a wavelength region outside a sensitivity range of the workpiece onto a drawing surface of the workpiece in such a way that the rays substantially converge at more than one point along a scanning line of the drawing rays of light, preferably at center and end points along the scanning line. A plurality of condenser lenses are provided for focusing beams of light from the plural light-emitting units after the beams have been reflected by the drawing surface. A plurality of light-detecting elements are disposed at points of condensation by respective ones of the condenser lenses to produce output signals representing differences in condensation points that occur as the lenses depart from or approach the drawing surface.

Abstract: A switching device comprising a rubber switch, an operating member displaceable between at least two operative positions and a neutral position, and a cooperating member shiftable between the at least two cooperative positions and neutral position in response to displacement of the operating member. The operating member and the cooperating member are held in their neutral position due to the resilience of the rubber switch, while one contact is brought into engagement with a corresponding conductive element in the rubber switch when the corresponding member is shifted to one of the cooperative positions in response to the displacement of the operating member against the resilience of the rubber switch. The operating member includes a dial and a finger rest which in combination allows a finger of the user to be simultaneously placed on both the dial and finger rest.

Abstract: A method for producing a calcium phosphate-based material comprising:(a) molding a calcium phosphate powder;(b) preliminarily calcining the resulting molding in a vacuum or under a reduced pressure until the relative density is 95% or more; and(c) firing the molding in air, an inert gas, or nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A method of forming a microstructure array suitable for use in the production of a focusing screen used in a finder system of a camera. The focusing screen includes an optical material in plate form having on one surface of a plurality small lens portions that project in a regular array of equilateral triangles from the optical material and each of the which has concentric contour lines, with a central apex. A flat portion is formed between adjacent small lens portions and a constricted portion is formed in the middle portion of the inclined surface of each small lens portion, with an irregular pattern of finer asperities is formed on the surfaces of the small lens portions and the flat portion. The high and low spots can be reversed.

Abstract: A copying lens system of a three-unit-three-element composition comprises, from either the object or image side, a positive meniscus first lens element that is convex toward the object or image side, a negative second lens element, and a positive third lens element, which lens system satisfies certain conditions, to obtain a copying lens system that has a simple and compact three-unit-three-element composition, that can be manufactured at a low cost by using inexpensive lens materials, and provides satisfactory performance over a broad zooming range of from about 0.3X to 2.0X.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp having an improved starting performance, especially at low temperatures. A gas under a low pressure is sealed in a glass tube having a pair of electrodes mounted thereon, and a fluorescent material is coated on the inner surface of the glass tube, the fluorescent material being activated to emit light by a discharge between the pair of electrodes. A third electrode is provided between the pair of electrodes, the third electrode being connected to one of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A focusing screen for use in the finder system of a camera such as a single-lens reflex camera, and a method of forming a microstructure array suitable for use in the production of such a focusing screen. The focusing screen includes an optical material in plate form having on one surface a plurality of small lens portions that project in a regular array of equilateral triangles from the optical material and each of which has concentric contour lines, with a central apex. A flat portion is formed between adjacent small lens portions and a constricted portion is formed in the middle portion of the inclined surface of each small lens portion, with an irregular pattern of finer asperities is formed on the surfaces of the small lens portions and the flat portion. The high and low spots can be reversed.

Abstract: An optical fiber bundle for an endoscope or the like which can be subjected to cyclic bending at a small radius of curvature without causing fiber breakage. The fiber bundle includes a plurality of optical fibers bound at both ends but with individual fibers being freely movable inside the middle portion of the bundle, which is covered by a flexible tube. A gelling fluid coating the fibers is filled in the flexible tube.

Abstract: A device for supporting an objective lens of an optical pickup in which one end of a first leaf spring is secured to a spring mounting portion of a base through a first elastic member. A connective member is secured to the other end of the first leaf spring through a second elastic member. One end of a second leaf spring is secured to the connective member through a third elastic member. A holder member for holding an objective lens is secured to the other end of the second leaf spring through a fourth elastic member. The objective lens is displaceable by one of the two leaf springs in a tracking direction and is displaceable by the other leaf spring in a focusing direction. Each of said elastic members is made of an elastic material different in elastic force from the leaf springs.

Abstract: An optical inspection system uses a fluorescent optical fiber to receive detection light and generate fluorescent light which then travels the length of the fiber and is detected at one or both ends thereof.

Abstract: A single-lens reflex camera with a flash unit built into the camera body above the viewing pentaprism. The unit is movable from an operating position to a non-operating position, preferably enclosed in the camera body. The built-in flash unit may be automatically closed by inserting an external flash in a flash shoe. A display panel may be included on the top of the flash unit housing.

Abstract: A view-finding optical system may be used which is simple in construction, employs inexpensive optical materials, and is capable of eyesight adjustment over a range of -2.5 to +1.5 diopters. A pentaprism is provided closest to the focusing side screen. A negative meniscus lens in provided next to the pentaprism. The surface of the negative meniscus lens closest to the focusing side screen is a convex surface. Additonally, this lens is preferably formed of a polycarbonate resin. A biconvex lens is provided on the other side of the negative meniscus lens. This lens is preferably formed of an acrylic resin. The eyesight is adjusted by moving the biconvex lens along the optical axis while the negative meniscus lens remains in a fixed position.

Abstract: A bone prosthetic material composed of calcium phosphate group granules which have open cells with an average pore size of 0.01-(10 .mu.m).sup.2 over a surface density of at least one per 10 .mu.m.sup.2. The prosthetic material is prepared by mixing organic inflammable particles with a calcium based powder, granulating and then firing the mixture.

Abstract: A pop-up flash unit 20 for an SLR camera includes an integral auxiliary light emitting device 26 for projecting a predetermined pattern along the camera lens axis to provide sufficient auto-focusing contrast. A triangular prism 60 forms a window in a front wall 16a of the flash unit chamber 16 confronting the condenser lens 25 of the auxiliary light emitting device such that the predetermined pattern projected by the downwardly angled emitting device, when the flash unit is retracted, is bent upwardly to still fall along the camera lens axis.

Abstract: A focusing device for a binocular instrument can include a single focusing drive means provided between right and left ocular lenses so as to simutaneously move the right and left ocular lenses forward and backward in a direction of an optical axis to effect focusing. The focusing device also includes a pair of right and left guide holes formed in a body of the binocular instrument which extend from the ocular side to the portion of the binocular body accommodating Porro prisms or Porro mirrors. The guide holes extend in coaxial relation to respective ocular optical axes. A pair of right and left ocular tubes respectively support the ocular lenses and are received respectively in the guide holes so as to be slidable along the respective ocular optical axes. A connecting means connects each of the ocular tubes to the focusing drive means.

Abstract: A telephoto zoom lens system featuring a zoom ratio on the order of 3 which uses an inexpensive optical material having a lens refractive index and which is compact in size can be attained. A first lens group I closest to the object side has a positive refractive power. The first lens group I includes a first negative maniscus lens element having a convex surface directed toward the object and a second positive lens element having a convex surface with a large curvature directed toward the object. A second lens group II having a negative refractive power is located on the image side of the first lens group I. A third lens group III having a positive refractive power is located on the image side of second lens group II. Lens group III includes a first lens unit IIIa having a positive refractive power and a second lens unit IIIb having a positive or negative refractive power. Zooming is performed by moving the three lens groups independently of one another along the optical axis.