Abstract: A radiation detector, serving as an infrared movement monitor, which is reactive to thermal radiation includes a housing having a window admitting the radiation and optics. The window having a size being coordinated with the angle of coverage of the optics disposed behind it. The optics focussing the radiation onto an optical sensor, preferably through a Fresnel lens. The window having a frame for accepting and guiding at least one masking element formed of a strip-shaped plastic film diminishing the infrared radiation and being slideably displaced in a guide channel along the window for covering the optics in a variable sub-region thereof.

Abstract: Process water is formed when pyrolysis gas obtained in the pyrolytic decomposition of a starting material is cooled. Due to its content of chemical compounds, it is very costly to dispose of or eliminate the process water. A process for reducing the quantity of by-products in the generation of pyrolysis gas recycles the process water to a pyrolysis reactor operating with a fluidized bed. As a result, the process water is reduced in quantity and purified in a simple manner, and the yield of pyrolysis gas is increased.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell includes a pot-shaped solid electrolyte, inside of which an anode space is disposed. The storage cell is bounded by a metallic housing. A cathode space is disposed between the solid electrolyte and the housing. The pressure in the cathode space is held at a higher level than in the anode space in order to prevent destruction of the storage cell in the event of a rupture of the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: Appropriately constructed differential amplifiers are suitable as wideband multiplexers. It is the object of the invention to use such amplifiers in conjunction with a measuring range switch. For this purpose, the differential amplifier is equipped with at least three differential amplifier stages, all of which have a common input and different gain due to different current feedback resistors. The switching is effected through blocking transistors, only one of which is optionally switched on in each case and connects a common current source to the associated differential amplifier stage. The invention can be used in measuring technology for multimeters and oscilloscopes.

Abstract: In the treatment of hydrocarbon-containing waste material, in particular plastic-containing waste material, by pyrolysis, gases containing hydrogen halide compounds which are formed are neutralized by the addition of basic additive material. Since the reacted additive material increases the pyrolysis residue, it is desirable to monitor the controlled feed of the additive material. Therefore, the pH value is measured in the low-boiling pyrolysis oil, which additionally also contains water vapor condensate, and the controlled feed of the additive material is automatically varied as a function of the measurement. The result is that the pollutants are largely, or at least adequately, bound with low consumption of additive material.

Abstract: The method and circuit detects a current flow over the human body between a forward conductor and a return conductor, and disconnects the network conductors. The output signal emitted by a current sensor connected to a network conductor is detected and a switch for disconnecting the network conductor is then actuated only at a value of the signal of the current sensor between an upper and a lower threshold value.

Abstract: A configuration for starting an inverter includes a capacitor which is provided for overvoltage protection in a half-controlled 3-phase bridge, with a discharging resistor used for charging an intermediate-circuit capacitor through a switch and a diode, in such a manner that an isolating transformer at the output of an inverter is premagnetized so that the inverter reliably turns on during the starting process.

Abstract: A test bench for testing a drive train of a test vehicle from an internal combustion engine up to drive shafts for wheels includes an electronic function element or computer simulating moments of inertia, spring stiffnesses, and damping masses. The electronic function element or computer simulates the wheels and a vehicle acceleration process, with the exception of actually present vehicle components. At least two mutually independent moment-regulated electric load machines serve as a transmission element between the electronic function element or computer and the test bench having the test vehicle. The load machines are flanged directly to the drive shafts of the drive train to be tested.

Abstract: In an axial magnet bearing having an axial bearing disc, the axial bearing disc is constructed as a fan impeller for conveying a gaseous coolant. In this way, an effective cooling of the magnet bearing is achieved with a simple structure and, at the same time, it is possible to cool further heat-releasing elements, assemblies or units with the aid of a coolant flow promoted by the axial bearing disc.

Abstract: A process for joining components having ceramic and metallic joining surfaces provides a permanent and complete joint with ceramic surfaces despite metal-oxide layers on the metal or metal-alloy joining surfaces. A glass coating is applied to the ceramic joining surface before joining. The glass contains at least 5 to 20% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, 30 to 60% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 20 to 60% by weight of SiO.sub.2. The surfaces of the components to be joined are then permanently joined to each other at a specified temperature and a specified pressure.

Abstract: A sodium-sulphur electrochemical storage cell is bounded externally by a metallic housing, which has a ternary inexpensive corrosion-protective coating formed of an alloy with essential components consisting of aluminum, chromium and iron.

Abstract: A method for producing full-surface or partial metal films on a substrate includes placing a coating on a substrate. The coating is irradiated sheetwise with a laser to form the metal films.

Abstract: In a digital oscilloscope, the recording of transients exceeding a predetermined tolerance range is to be provided by simple means. A method and a device for carrying out this method are provided in which two envelope curves are stored in an envelope curve memory and these are then compared with cyclically repetitive amplitude samples of a signal curve. A trigger signal ensures that the signal curve containing the disturbance is served if one of the signal curves exceeds the tolerance range delimited by the envelope curves, which is the case, in particular, when interference signals occur. This curve can then be displayed for analysis on the screen. The invention can be applied within the context of digital measuring technology wherever signal curves are recorded and instantaneous disturbances must be detected.

Abstract: The method determines the means effective torque of an internal combustion engine connected to a load device. The crankshaft angular velocity is scanned at equidistant angular crankshaft positions spaced apart in time by a whole number multiple of the torque harmonic period. Differentiation of the crankshaft angular velocity with respect to time also takes place by forming the difference between sequential angular velocities and by time measurement of the scanning period. The mean acceleration torque is formed by multiplying the determined crankshaft acceleration by the moment of inertia of the internal combustion engine and is added to the shaft torque recorded by use of a torque sensor to form the mean effective torque. The torque thus determined is not subject to the typical torque harmonics of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Movement monitors with segmented collecting optics have dead zones between the individual focusing segments, in which a radiating object can stay without tripping a signal. These dead zones are to be practically avoided with the movement monitor according to the invention. To this end, deflecting optics after the collecting optics in each case deflect a portion of the bundle of rays incident parallel to the principal ray of a segment in such a way that at least two radiation maxima occur. Given a corresponding change in position of a radiating object, these radiation maxima strike sensor elements of the sensor one after another. In this way, dead zones are reduced to such an extent that they are practically eliminated. The movement monitor serves for zonal monitoring inside and outside buildings. By transmitting a signal, it can switch on lighting or trip an alarm.

Abstract: A liquid fraction and a gas fraction produced during the reprocessing of waste material containing CH compounds by pyrolysis, have a mass ratio approximately equal to 1. Since the liquid fraction is more suitable for further processing than the gas fraction, there is an incentive to augment the liquid fraction at the expense of the gas fraction. In order to achieve this object, the pyrolysis gas is cooled until the benzene and the higher-boiling gaseous constituents of the pyrolysis gas pass into the liquid phase, so that a benzene-containing liquid fraction is produced. A gas mixture containing benzene and toluene is stripped out of the benzene-containing liquid fraction, passed together with the gas fraction at a temperature of 300.degree. to 450.degree. C. over a zeolitic catalyst and then separated by cooling into both a fraction which is liquid at atmospheric pressure and a residual gas fraction.

Abstract: In order to uniformly distribute a coolant, e.g. air, over gaps between electrochemical cells in high-temperature storage batteries, it has already been proposed to place an open chamber above the groups of cells from which the coolant is preferably conveyed to the cells through holes in a distributor panel. The object of the invention is to even further improve the distribution of the coolant. In order to achieve a uniform, quasi-flat incident flow profile for the coolant over the distributor panel, an antechamber is provided for receiving the coolant from at least one inlet opening and for passing the coolant through several throttle locations into an open chamber and then through holes in the distributor panel to the cells. The invention can be applied to sodium/sulphur batteries, for example.

Abstract: Conventional superconducting magnet systems supply coolant centrally from a refrigerating system and have a current input provided separately in each case or through special magnets at the beginning and end of a section formed from superconducting electromagnets. The superconducting magnet system of the invention, which is to be used in particular for accelerator units, provides a control cryostat between the refrigerating system and the magnet cryostats encompassing the magnet coils of the electromagnets. The control cryostat at the same time has a current supply lead from which the magnet cryostats associated with the respective control cryostat are supplied with the current necessary for excitation through superconducting cables.