Abstract: Devices, structures, materials and methods for carbon enabled vertical light emitting transistors (VLETs) and light emitting displays (LEDs) are provided. In particular, architectures for vertical polymer light emitting transistors (VPLETs) for active matrix organic light emitting displays (AMOLEDs) and AMOLEDs incorporating such VPLETs are described. Carbon electrodes (such as from graphene) alone or in combination with conjugated light emitting polymers (LEPs) and dielectric materials are utilized in forming organic light emitting transistors (OLETs). Combinations of thin films of ionic gels, LEDs, carbon electrodes and relevant substrates and gates are utilized to construct LETs, including heterojunction VOLETs.