Abstract: A polymeric material comprises at least one repeat unit consisting substantially of a moiety of Formula 1: 1

Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a polymer which contains at least one ether group and a poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain (POAC chain) derivable from two or more different hydroxycarboxyl acids or lactones thereof. Also disclosed is the use of the dispersants in paints and printing inks including millbases. The preferred dispersants are phosphate esters of an alkyl end-capped poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain alcohol where the POAC chain is derived from &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone and the alkyl group is derived from a monohydroxypolyalkyleneglycol.