Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from phenol, paraformaldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxyl compound are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Compositions for inhibiting mineral scale and the corrosion of metals particularly the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in the presence of aqueous liquids are disclosed. The combination of a water-soluble phosphate with at least one of a water-soluble molybdate, tungstate, or selenate is disclosed as providing a synergistic protective effect against the cavitation corrosion of aluminum in aqueous liquids.

Abstract: The subject matter of this invention relates to the preparation of polyurethanes. It is particularly concerned with the use of organo-mercury compounds and trimerization catalysts as co-catalysts in the preparation of noncellular polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: Filled liquid, polyhydroxyl-containing polymers such as polyether and polyester polyols can be increased in viscosity by incorporating therein a tertiary alkanol monoamine.

Abstract: Polyether-ester polyols are prepared by reacting a crude polyether polyol, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and an alkylene oxide. These polyols may be used in preparing polyrethane products.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquefied normally solid forms of polyoxyalkylene block copolymers particularly suitable for use in pesticide concentrates comprising a normally solid polyoxyalkylene block copolymer nonionic surface-active agent and an alkylene glycol having 3 to 5 carbon atoms with or without water.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquefied normally solid forms of polyoxyalkylene copolymers particularly suitable for use in pesticide concentrates prepared by dissolving a normally solid polyoxyalkylene copolymer nonionic surface active agent and an alkylene glycol having 2 or 3 to 5 carbon atoms with or without water at a temperature of at least 70.degree. C.

Abstract: Sulfosiloxane-silicate copolymers are useful corrosion inhibitors in alcohol-based antifreeze compositions. The aliphatic sulfosiloxane-silicate copolymers contain repeating units derived from aliphatic sulfosiloxanes and water-soluble silicates.

Abstract: An oxyalkylated product useful for making polyurethane foams is prepared by reacting an alkylene oxide with a heated mixture of a phenol and a non-phenolic active hydrogen compound, at least one of which can be halogenated, in the presence of a catalyst complex of a phenol and an iron or aluminum substance. The mixture can also include a neutral phosphorus compound and/or acid anhydrides to enhance flame retardant properties. Optionally, also, the oxyalkylation reaction can be terminated by adding a tri (lower alkyl) amine and alkylene oxide to react with residual phenolic hydrogen in the mixture.

Abstract: Polyether-based thickeners for aqueous systems having molecular weights of about 1000 to about 75,000 which are modified with at least one glycidyl ether having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms exhibit increased thickening efficiency in the presence of certain organic additives. These are ethoxylated phosphate esters or mixtures of said esters with water-soluble amines. The polyethers contain about 1 to about 20 percent by weight based upon the weight of the polyether of an alpha-olefin oxide. Polyether-based thickeners containing at least one of an ethoxylated phosphate ester, or said ester in admixture with a water-soluble amine, processes for the preparation of thickened aqueous systems, and thickened aqueous compositions are disclosed. The polyether-based thickeners of the invention are particularly useful for thickening water or water-glycol mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of a nitrated substance from a spent nitrating acid wherein said nitrated substance contains polar groups selected from the group consisting of --SO.sub.3 H, --OH, --SH --CO.sub.2 H, --OSO.sub.3 H, and --OP(OH).sub.2 and their salts. This is achieved by:(1) diluting the nitrated substance-spent acid solution with water,(2) adding a monohydric alcohol or ketone extraction agent which is immiscible with the spent acid,(3) permitting the mixture to separate into layers of different densities one of said layers comprising said nitrated substance dissolved in said extracting agent,(4) removing said nitrated substance-extracting agent layer,(5) separating the nitrated substance from the extracting agent layer, and(6) reducing the nitrated substance to an amine.

Abstract: The oxidation promoting harmful effects of the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a polyoxyalkylene can be eliminated and the product made more resistant to oxidation especially at elevated temperatures by the incorporation therein of soluble salts of certain benzoic acid derivatives. The soluble salts can be formed by reaction with the alkali or alkaline earth metal ion derived from the alkaline catalyst utilized in the polymerization of the polyoxyalkylene.

Abstract: The oxidation promoting harmful effects of the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a polyoxyalkylene can be eliminated and the product made more resistant to oxidation especially at elevated temperatures by the incorporation therein of soluble salts of certain benzoic acid derivatives. The soluble salts can be formed by reaction with the alkali or alkaline earth metal ion derived from the alkaline catalyst utilized in the polymerization of the polyoxyalkylene.

Abstract: Liquid carbodiimide-modified organic polyisocyanates are prepared by reacting a crude polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate containing no more than 70 weight percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate with an isomer mixture of 40 to 100 weight percent 4,4'-, 0 to 50 weight percent 2,4- and 0 to 10 weight percent 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and having an average functionality of 2.1 to 2.7 and a free NCO content of at least 30 percent weight percent in the presence of an effective amount of carbodimidization catalyst. Polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams prepared by reacting the modified polyisocyanates and polyols selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol and ethylene oxide adducts of trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, glycerine, pentaerythritol, .alpha.-methylglucoside, sucrose, toluene diamine and methylene dianiline in the presence of trimerization catalysts exhibit improved compression strengths and K-factors with low friability and smoke density.

Abstract: Curable compositions and a process for the preparation of a low viscosity, filled liquid polymer having active hydrogen-containing groups are disclosed. An organic zirconium compound lowers the viscosity of a combination of a liquid polymer and an inorganic filler.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to polyol compositions comprising the reaction product prepared by reacting from 4 to 9 moles of propylene oxide per mole of toluenediamine by weight at temperatures greater than 140.degree. C. in the presence of at least 0.6 parts of alkali metal hydroxide per 100 parts by weight of toluenediamine, with the proviso that at least 0.8 part by weight of alkali metal hydroxide is used if the toluenediamine is 2,4-toluenediamine, or 2,6-toluenediamine, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to herbicidal compositions comprising a dinitroaniline compound and a freezing point depressant compound selected from the group consisting of butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.The compositions described herein are used as preemergent herbicides and are particularly useful in the control of grasses and broad-leaf weeds for crops such as cotton, soy beans, and peanuts. The freezing point of the dinitroaniline compound is lowered by the addition of the freezing point depressant additive without having a detrimental effect on the activity of the dinitroaniline, the crop, or the environment.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a process for preparing ferriferrocyanide pigments. The process comprises(1) forming a reaction mixture containing a ferrous salt and an alkali metal ferrocyanide;(2) adding an alkaline compound to said reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to raise the pH to at least 9;(3) oxidizing the basic solution by aeration;(4) heating the solution to a temperature of from 10.degree. C. to 90.degree. C. and(5) recovering the pigment.The advantage of the process is that no significant amount of Berlin White intermediate is formed. Consequently, it is unnecessary to use sulfuric acid to dissolve the Berlin White before oxidation. Moreover, oxidation is achieved by aeration. This is cost effective and reduces the stress to the environment. The resulting pigments are useful in coloring printing ink and carbon paper.

Abstract: Compositions and method of using said compositions for inhibiting the corrosion of high lead solder in aqueous systems are disclosed. Alkali metal aliphatic phosphonates in combination with alkali metal mercaptobenzothiazoles are effective inhibitors for the corrosion of high lead solder in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Machine dishwashing detergents are disclosed containing a low-foaming nonionic surfactant having relatively low cloud point which unexpectedly provides effective detergency, foam control and good rinsing action when utilized as the sole nonionic surfactant. Dishes and other utensils are cleaned to a sparkling clean spot-free condition by the machine dishwashing detergent compositions of the invention containing conventional phosphate builders or non-phosphate builders but excluding conventional alkyl phosphate ester defoaming agents. The machine dishwashing detergent compositions of the invention are effective especially in controlling foam on washing dishes and other utensils encrusted with soils generally encountered on dishes, specifically egg and milk-derived protein soils.