Abstract: In order to create novel security features in secure and/or valuable documents, a polymer layer composite, which has at least two polymer layers that are bonded to each other in a material fit is provided. At least one surface is printed with an absorbing printed layer within a visible region in and/or on the composite located on a polymer layer of the composite. The absorbing printed layer forms at least one printed region, and all printed regions of the printed surface of the polymer layer have a total surface area of at least 50% and not more than 95%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a holographic optical element by providing a recording stack comprising at least one recording element laminated on at least one supporting element, irradiating at least a part of the recording stack with at least one recording beam in an irradiating step, wherein during the irradiating step, the recording stack bends, providing a bending deviation threshold for the recording stack, and adjusting at least one first process parameter such that an expected maximum bending deviation of the recording stack does not exceed the bending deviation threshold, wherein the at least one first process parameter influences the bending behavior of the recording stack during the irradiating step.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a beam shaping holographic optical element, which is configured to generate diffracted beams configured to reconstruct an image of a diffusor irrespectively of the point of impact of a pencil of light on the beam shaping holographic optical element, comprising providing a recording element, providing a master element comprising a particular pattern, forming a recording stack comprising the recording element and the master element such that the master element is arranged to the recording element in a closed-copy distance, irradiating at least a part of the recording stack with a reconstruction beam, irradiating at least a part of the recording stack with a reference beam, wherein at least one of the reconstruction beam or reference beam penetrates the master element to record the pattern of the master element onto the recording element.

Abstract: A catalytic process for hydrogenating aromatic di- and polyamines with the aid of a selected catalyst system is provided, which comprises a mixture of a first heterogeneous catalyst and a second heterogeneous catalyst and a nitro compound (nitrate and/or nitrite salt). The first and second heterogeneous catalyst each independently comprise a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd and/or Pt and the metal selected for the second heterogeneous catalyst is different from the metal selected for the first heterogeneous catalyst. Hydrogenation of aromatic rings having two or more amino groups bound to the aromatic ring produces cycloaliphatic di- and polyamines, which are useful chemical intermediates, e.g., for further reaction with epoxides or isocyanates. The amino groups may also be converted to isocyanates via reaction with phosgene. The resulting cycloaliphatic di- and polyisocyanates may also be used as monomers for making polymers.

Abstract: Described herein are polymer compositions comprising at least one inorganic salt comprising a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and aluminum, and an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate and formate, in a concentration of 100 to 5000 mg/kg, based on the composition, and wherein the salt is present in the composition exclusively in dissolved form or in the form of amorphous and/or crystalline inclusions having a size of not more than 60 ?m. Compositions of the present invention are distinguished by an improved surface after heat-moisture storage and are suitable in particular for the production of moldings with a high gloss finish that demand a class A surface, which have optionally been subjected, in whole or in part, to a further surface treatment step involving e.g. lacquering, in-mold decoration, or metallization by vacuum deposition or galvanization.

Abstract: In a chemical reactor for heterogeneously catalyzed reaction of a fluid, comprising a holding device for catalyst particles and/or inert particles (80, 100) through which the fluid flows, the side of the holding device lying upstream when viewed in the direction of flow of the fluid comprises knitted wire mesh fabric (50), and the average clear mesh width of the knitted wire fabric (50) is smaller than the average particle size x50.3 of the particles (80, 100). The invention furthermore relates to a process for reaction of a fluid, wherein the reaction is carried out in a reactor according to the invention in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst particles (80) and the catalyst particles (80) are arranged in the holding device for catalyst particles (80). The invention also provides the use of knitted wire mesh fabric (50) as a holding device for catalyst particles and/or inert particles (80, 100) in chemical reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent thermoplastic material, containing 0.0001 to 2 wt. % of substantially flat metal identification platelets with a largest length elongation of less than 200 ?m and a thickness of 2-10 ?m, a round or n-angled shape where n?4, wherein the metal identification platelets do not have any recesses or have recesses that lie substantially in the center of the metal identification platelet, do not come closer than 20 ?m to the circumferential outer edge of the metal identification platelet, and do not account for more than 30% of the surface area of the metal identification platelet. The invention also relates to the production thereof and the use for producing films for personalization of a card layer composite and data carriers in card form, especially smart cards, magnetic strip cards, identification cards and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyricinoleic acid ester polyols having primary hydroxyl end groups. It furthermore relates to polyricinoleic acid ester polyols obtainable according to the invention and polyurethane polymers prepared using these polyols. The process comprises the steps: a) polycondensation of ricinoleic acid until a hydroxyl number of >0 mg of KOH/g to <60 mg of KOH/g is reached; and b) reaction of the product obtained in step a) or of a secondary product of the product obtained in step a) comprising carboxyl groups with an epoxide of the general formula (I), wherein R1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl radical or an aryl radical, with the proviso that >80% by weight to <100% by weight, based on the total amount of the epoxide (I) employed, is ethylene oxide and the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine as the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of isocyanates by reaction of the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, wherein a diluent containing between 90.0000% by weight and 99.9999% by weight of substances which are inert in the phosgenation process and between 0.0001% by weight and 10.0000% by weight of oxygen is present during the conversion of the amine into the gas phase and the molar ratio of amine to oxygen (O2) is ?1,000:1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thin film type controlled viewing window back light unit and a thin flat type Controlled Viewing window Display using the same. The present disclosure suggests a thin film type back light unit which can include: a base film having a width and a length, and including a high refractive film and a low refractive film stacked on the high refractive film; an incident pattern disposed at one side of a bottom surface of the base film; a reflective pattern disposed at an opposite side apart from the one side with the length of the bottom surface of the base film, and covering the width of the opposite side; a light radiating pattern disposed on an upper surface of the base film; a holographic film for controlling a viewing-window disposed on the light radiating pattern; and a light source being apart from the incident pattern, and providing an incident light to the incident pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to fiber-composite components, obtained for example by impregnating fibers with a reaction resin mixture of polyisocyanates, polyepoxides, polyols, latent catalysts and optionally additives. The invention also relates to a method for producing said components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing aromatic amines by hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds. This method provides a reactor containing a hydrogenation catalyst; supplies aromatic nitro compounds and hydrogen to the reactor and contacts them with a hydrogenation catalyst, in which the hydrogen which is supplied to the reactor is by a compressor and the compressor contains an operating fluid which at least partially contacts the hydrogen; and regenerates the hydrogenation catalyst by heating and contacting it with oxygen. Particular operating liquids are subsequently exchanged.

Abstract: Urethanes are prepared by oxidative carbonylation of at least one amino compound in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and organic, at least one hydroxyl-group-carrying compound. The carbonylation is carried out in the absence of halogen-containing promoters. The carbonylation is also carried out in the presence of a metal complex catalyst which contains neutral bidentate N-chelate ligands of the (N˜N) type, two monoanionic N,O-chelate ligands of the general type (N˜O)? or tetradentate dianionic chelate ligands (O˜N˜N˜O)2?.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of polyols based on fatty acid esters and starter compounds having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms and the use thereof for the preparation of polyurethane materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for the production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acid using a stoichiometric excess of benzene, in which the content of aliphatic organic compounds in the feed benzene during the start-up period of the production plant is always maintained at less than 1.5 wt. %, based on the total mass of the feed benzene. This is achieved either by mixing the feed benzene comprising recycled unreacted benzene (recycled benzene) and benzene newly supplied to the reaction (fresh benzene) in appropriate quantitative ratios during the start-up period, depending on the purity of the two streams, or by completely omitting the recycling of unreacted benzene during the start-up period, i.e. the feed benzene consists only of benzene newly supplied to the reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adiabatic process for producing nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with sulphuric acid mixtures and nitric acid mixtures using a stoichiometric excess of benzene and reusing non-reacted benzene, the content of the aliphatic organic compounds in the feed benzene being limited, by the targeted evacuation of aliphatic organic compounds to at least one step in the process, to a content of less than 1.5 mass-%, in relation to the total amount of feed benzene.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating aromatic di- and polyamines is provided comprising the steps of reacting the aromatic amine with hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic system, wherein the catalytic system comprises a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd and/or Pt and a support, and wherein the catalyst system further comprises an organic nitro compound. Hydrogenation of aromatic di- and polyamines having two or more amino groups bound to the aromatic ring produces cycloaliphatic di- and polyamines, which are useful chemical intermediates, e.g., for further reaction with epoxides or isocyanates. The amino groups may also be converted to isocyanates via reaction with phosgene. The resulting cycloaliphatic di- and polyisocyanates may also be used as monomers for making polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous adiabatic process for the preparation of nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acids using a stoichiometric excess of benzene, wherein the content of organic compounds in the circulating sulfuric acid, at least during the start-up period of the production plant, is always kept below 1.0 mass percent, based on the total mass of circulating sulfuric acid. This is preferably achieved by a procedure in which, either after the end or before the beginning of a production cycle, the circulating sulfuric acid is circulated at elevated temperature so that the organics contained in the sulfuric acid, preferably comprising nitrobenzene and traces of benzene, dinitrobenzene and nitrophenols, are separated off in the evaporation apparatus for concentrating the sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Chlorine is prepared by catalytic oxidation of a hydrogen chloride stream having a content of sulfur in elemental or bonded form of less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, more preferably less than 5 ppm, most preferably less than 1 ppm, based on the weight of the hydrogen chloride stream.

Abstract: A device for the application of foaming reaction mixtures to a substrate which makes it possible to apply that foaming reaction mixture uniformly, a process for the production of foaming reaction mixtures using this device, apparatus for producing composites which include the device of the present invention and composites produced using such apparatus are disclosed. Use of the device of the present invention to produce foams makes it possible to produce foams having improved surface quality at higher production rates than were previously possible. The device of the present invention is particularly useful for the production of sandwich composite elements.