Abstract: The liquid vehicles can be used to create dilute solutions of water-soluble pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical oral contrast agents. The liquid vehicles are formulated to provide desired osmolalities, viscosities, pH, and taste masking capabilities to match the particular intentions of the user and to complement the inherent differences in the various oral contrast agents. The liquid vehicles comprise an aqueous medium, an osmotic agent to adjust osmolality, a buffering agent, a viscosity agent, and sweeteners and flavoring agents to improve palatability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for identifying the artifactual radiographic images caused by epithelial protuberances. The claimed method employs a partially radiolucent, faintly radiopaque marker which is secured around an epithelial protuberance. The marker is designed so that when secured it not only preserves the generally cylindrical shape and vertical boundaries of the protuberance, but also ensures that a thin layer or film of air is maintained surrounding the protuberance. After the marker is secured, the preserved vertical boundaries of the protuberance are presented tangentially to an xray beam to produce a radiographic shadow of both the protuberance and the marker. The artifactual radiographic image caused by the protuberance can then be readily identified by detecting the radiographic shadow cast by the protuberance in association with the shadow cast by the surrounding, faintly opaque marker.