Abstract: The headrest support tubes are secured to the seat frame member not by the usual welding, but by gripping the web of the member between two rings or lock-beads swaged into the metal of the tube. The first ring is swaged-out by compressing the tube. The tube, with the one ring, is then assembled into a through-hole in the web of the frame member. Then, the second ring is swaged into the metal of the tube, on the other side of the web, and the web lies gripped between the rings. The seat frame member may be an I-section extrusion, or a round tube with localised squeezed-flat areas, flanked by flanges.

Abstract: An oil-pipe for an auto-engine has a quick-connect coupling. The pipe has a cold-pressed end-shape, which includes a radial flange. A clip abuts the flange, and secures the coupling. The larger the area of the flange, the more secure the clip, and a recess formed into the wall of the pipe immediately behind the flange adds area to the flange without requiring that the flange have a large external diameter. The recess can be rolled in, or can be formed by cold-pressing.

Abstract: The system increases the diameter to which pipe flanges can be flared. The tendency of the radial wall of the flange to crumple inwards is obviated by coining the transition corner of the wall. First, the pipe end is belled out to provide access for the coining punch. The belled-out end is then swaged back in, after the punch is removed. With the corner transition thus preconditioned, further axial pressure on the pipe with a suitable female punch causes the flange to expand diametrally in a controllable manner.