Abstract: A dialysis system includes a dialyzer, a sorbent cartridge configured to clean used dialysate from the dialyzer, a dialysate pump actuator configured to pump dialysate to the dialyzer, and a conductivity sensor located adjacent to a temperature sensor. The dialysis system also includes a disposable cassette configured to carry dialysate pumped by the dialysate pump actuator. The disposable cassette includes a combined conductivity and temperature sensor fluid chamber separate from the conductivity sensor and the temperature sensor and located so as to operate with the conductivity sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, when mounted for operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods of production of viral antigen on a culture of adherent cells bound to a microcarrier, wherein the methods provide for increased viral antigen yield per culture medium volume. The invention is also directed to a cell culture biomass of adherent cells having increased cell density and microcarrier concentration compared to the respective confluent cell culture.