Abstract: Heavily fluorinated sugar analogs of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 --O-alkyl, --CH.sub.2 --O-aryl, --CH.sub.2 OPO.sub.3 H, --CH.sub.2 --O-carbohydrate, --CH.sub.2 --NH-peptide, or --CH.sub.2 --O-peptide;wherein R.sub.2 is selected from hydroxy, --O-carbohydrate, --NH-peptide, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, amino, mono- or di-lower alkylamino;wherein R.sub.4 is selected from amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, or halogen; andwherein R.sub.5 is H or amino. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as antiviral and antineoplastic agents and the compounds of formula (II) are useful as plant growth inhibitors and herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel class of decarboxylase enzyme inhibitors consisting of .alpha.-oxiranyl amino acids and derivatives thereof and a method of synthesizing such compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for detecting the presence of Serpulina hyodysenteriae in a biological sample, an oligonucleotide primer and an S. hyodysenteriae-specific oligonucleotide probe useful in that method, and an article of manufacture that contains the primers and/or probe. Also provided are an about 2.3-kb DNA fragment derived from genomic DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and encoding for an about 56 kDa polypeptide, a recombinant expression vector containing the DNA fragment, the 56 kDa polypeptide and a monoclonal antibody reactive with the peptide, and a method of assaying for antibodies reactive with the 56 kDa peptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing levulinic acid from starch in a reactive extrusion process. In a preferred embodiment, the extrusion takes place in a twin-screw extruder having a plurality of temperature zones wherein the starch slurry is preconditioned, extruded, filter pressed, reboiled, vacuum distilled, condensed, centrifuged, whereby the waste effluent from the centrifugation is reprocessed upstream to the preconditioning stage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for in situ detection and concentration measurement of trace elements in an analysis sample is disclosed. The invention uses laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) wherein femtosecond pulsed laser energy is employed to produce the plasma. The femtosecond pulsed laser energy is focused on the analysis sample to produce the plasma and the resulting emission is delivered for spectral analysis. Because the method and apparatus of the present invention allow breakdown of the analysis sample without propagation of energy to the sample-air interface, a plasma is produced that consists essentially of sample materials without being contaminated by air plasma formation. Thus, the background emission is reduced and there is no need to wait for the plasma to cool down over time before detecting the spectral lines of the sample. Because there is no need to wait for cooling before spectral measurement, lower detection limits are possible.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel class of decarboxylase enzyme inhibitors consisting of .alpha.-oxiranyl amino acids and derivatives thereof and a method of synthesizing such compounds.

Abstract: A precast, prestressed concrete joist having web openings through which mechanical and electrical equipment may pass. In an exemplary embodiment, the joist comprises generally horizontal opposite top and bottom concrete members with a concrete web interposed between them. This web may have openings through which mechanical and electrical equipment may pass. Prestress steel strands may extend lengthwise through both the top and bottom members to provide prestress in the concrete joist. The concrete joist may further comprise strand restraining devices for deflecting the prestress steel strands. The precast, prestressed concrete joist having a web opening may be constructed using a reusable casting apparatus. This casting apparatus comprises a prestressing bed onto which a frame may be mounted. The frame provides a means of applying tension to the prestress steel strands and of supporting prestress strand restraining devices.

Abstract: The invention is directed to novel promoters or mutants thereof from Chlorella virus DNA methyltransferase genes. A Chlorella virus gene promoter is operably linked to a first and/or second DNA sequence encoding a gene that is different from the Chlorella virus gene to form an expression cassette. An expression cassette can be introduced into prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells and can provide for a high level of expression of the gene encoded by the first and/or second DNA sequence. The invention also provides a method for screening other Chlorella virus genes for promoters that can function to express a heterologous gene in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic hosts.

Abstract: Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Abstract: A single pass cylindrical mirror analyzer for use in charged particle analysis has reduced size for mounting on a simple manipulator. The reduced size of the analyzer allows for placement of the analyzer on a linear motion feedtrough mounted on a conflat flange for insertion into and retraction from the analysis position. The reduced size of the cylindrical mirror analyzer in combination with good instrument resolution results in a versatile charged particle analyzer.

Abstract: To produce doxorubicin and its analogues methyl 3alpha, 5alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-(trimethylsilylethynyl)-2alpha-nitromethylcyclohexa ne-1beta-carboxylate acetonide is condensed with 1,4-dihydro-4,4,5-trimethoxy-1-oxonaphthalene in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in an aprotic solvent to produce 3-[ (2beta-carbomethoxy-4beta-ethynyl-4alpha, 6alpha-(di-O-isopropylidenyl)cyclohexanyl-1-yl]-nitromethyl-4,4,5-trimetho xy-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene; which is cyclized to produce 9beta-ethynyl-12-hydroxy-7alpha,9alpha-(di-O-isopropylidenyl)-6-nitro-4,5, 5-trimethoxy-5,5a,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11-decahydro -11-naphthacenone. The decahydro-11-naphthacenone is converted to 7alpha-9alpha,(di-O-isopropyl-idenyl)-4,5-dimethoxy-9beta-ethynyl-12-hydro xy-6-nitro-6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11-octahydro-11, -naphthacenone.

Abstract: A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar, named 315 Buffalograss, is distinguished by its excellent dark green color, high density, low growth habit, drought resistance, heat and cold tolerance, wear tolerance, low maintenance requirements and slow rate of establishment.

Abstract: A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar named `NE86-120` is distinguished from other commercially produced buffalograss varieties by its excellent turfgrass color, cold tolerance, high density, dark green color, low growth habit, and rate of establishment. `NE86-120` is also distinguished from other varieties by molecular markers and nuclear DNA content. `NE86-120` is suitable for use in low to medium maintenance situations in arid and semi-arid climates of United States and Canada.

Abstract: A vegetatively reproduced buffalograss cultivar named NE86-61 is distinguished from other commercially produced buffalograss varieties by its excellent turfgrass color, cold tolerance, high density, dark green color, low growth habit, and rate of establishment. NE86-61 is also distinguished from other varieties by molecular markers and nuclear DNA content. NE86-61 is suitable for use in low to medium maintenance situations in arid and semi-arid climates of United States and Canada.