Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system of the present invention includes a Data Modeling module for creating multi-dimensional reports from spreads of information. The module includes a preferred report workspace interface--a Data Modeling Desktop--for receiving a user-specified range of source data from an electronic spreadsheet, which may include 2-D as well as 3-D ranges of source data from a spreadsheet notebook. In response to user inputs, the system assembles a corresponding multi-dimensional report by transforming 2-D or 3-D spreadsheet information into multi-dimensional format. In this manner, users can continue to build spreadsheet models on an ad hoc basis (i.e., without designing complex multi-dimensional data models beforehand).

Abstract: A system of the present invention includes a relational database management system (RDBMS) having a hypertext report writing module. Methods are described for automatically recognizing relations between reports which are generated from the same or related database tables. The system automatically embeds (or assists the user in embedding) appropriate hypertext links so that information from one report may be cross-referenced immediately with information in another, related report. Drill-down hypertext reports of increasing level of detail are illustrated. In addition to drill-down reports, the system may create comprehensive hypertext reports for automatically tying together information which is related through underlying table relations but which ordinarily appears in different reports. By automatically placing hypertext links or cross-indexes between reports, the system ties together relatable information into a single, cross-indexed hypertext report.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system of the present invention includes a Formula Composer having a preferred interface and methods for assisting a user with composing spreadsheet formulas. The Composer provides the user with simultaneous formula outline and subexpression (text) views of a given formula. Using the formula outline view, the user may isolate a particular portion (subexpression) of a formula for editing. The Formula Composer also provides a Formula Expert, which is displayed by the system upon the user selecting a spreadsheet function in a formula being edited. In addition to providing specific information about the selected spreadsheet function, the Formula Expert provides input fields which are specific for the arguments of the selected function. Moreover, the Formula Expert includes mode expressions or "templates" for assisting users in inputting correct argument information. Using pattern matching technique, the system may employ the templates for eliminating common user input mistakes.

Abstract: An event alerter system for notifying one application or process of a change in a database. A database management system includes an event generator that defines events to be reported, such as a change in a particular field of the database. Each time an change occurs, the event generator notifies an event manager of the name of the event. Whenever an event dependent process indicates an interest in a change in a field in a particular record or records in a database, it transfers a command to the event manager identifying each such record and change. When the event dependent process issues such a command, it enters a wait state to process the occurrence of an event in either a synchronous or asynchronous mode. The event manager converts such a command into entries in an event table that identifies, for that and other event dependent processes, the list of events in which a process has an interest.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system includes a notebook interface having a plurality of notebook pages, each of which may contain a spread of information cells, or other desired page type (e.g., Graphs page). Methods are provided for rapidly accessing and processing information on the different pages, including displaying a plurality of page identifiers for selecting individual pages, and further including a preferred syntax for referencing information. Additional methods are provided for editing cells and blocks of cells.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system of the present invention includes an intelligent graphing module for automatically selecting a graph type based on a user's own data. Methods are described for determining the level of complexity present in a user's data and for automatically selecting a preferred graph type based on that determined complexity. The system includes a preferred interface for receiving selections from the user indicating an information set (e.g., a block of contiguous or non-contiguous spreadsheet cells) to visualize graphically.

Abstract: A development system having a compiler, a linker, an interface, and a code packing optimization module is described. The compiler generates or "compiles" source listings into object modules, which may be linked or combined with other object modules (e.g., stored in "library" files) to create an executable program. The optimization module embodies activity-based methods for generating a profile bitmap for a program of interest, to identify related code objects (i.e., procedures, functions, routines, and the like) based on clustering of activity bit signatures, so that related ones may be packed together in the executable program. A run of a program to be optimized is divided into a plurality of activities, typically those which are core to the operation of the program. A profile bitmap of the program is generated by running the target program through the various activities: for each code object "hit" during an activity a corresponding bit is set.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system of the present invention includes a notebook interface having a plurality of notebook pages, each of which may contain a spread of information cells, or other desired page type (e.g., Graphs page). Methods are provided for rapidly accessing and processing information on the different pages, including displaying a plurality of page identifiers for selecting individual pages, and further including a preferred syntax for referencing information. Additional methods are described for in-memory management and persistent storage of notebooks and their pages.

Abstract: A system of the present invention includes a relational database management system (RDBMS). Methods are described for maintaining integrity between "design documents," which may be creating under different operating systems, and one or more information tables of the system. The system provides each field of a table with a unique ID ("field ID") for tracking the field regardless of restructuring changes which may be made to the table by various clients. Corresponding field IDs are stored with the fields of design documents, thereby permitting the system to maintain a link between a design document and its table. Upon a restructure of a table, the dependent design documents may be appropriately updated by their respective clients. Methods are also described for improved storage of free-form or "memo" data. In a preferred embodiment, memo data are stored in a separate file comprised of variable-length storage blocks.

Abstract: System and methods are provided for optimizing the access of information, particularly in response to ad hoc queries or filters. The system of the present invention includes a computer having a memory and a processor, a database for storing information in the memory as field values in a record, an indexing component for referencing a plurality of records by key values of the field(s), an input device for selecting desired records by entering a filter (query) condition corresponding to values stored in the field(s), and an optimization module for providing rapid access to the desired records. The optimization module employs one or more existing indices for optimizing data access, including using ones which do not directly support the filter expression. In instances where no indices are available, the optimization module may employ a "learned" optimization method of the invention for on-the-fly learning of records which meet the filter condition.

Abstract: A system of the present invention includes a development system having a language compiler for generating application and system software from source listings. The system includes an Integrated Development Environment having a browser. Methods of the present invention include inspecting symbols (e.g., classes, objects, methods, variables, and the like) dynamically, i.e., while retaining active scope of the symbol. More particularly, the browser of the present invention directly references symbol information stored in object code or executable modules, which are generated during compilation of the source listings. In this manner, the system provides symbol information directly relevant to the context (location in source listing) the user/programmer is currently working.

Abstract: A multi-user computer system having methods which provide improved file management by reading an additional amount in a single I/O (Input/Output) operation during file processing is described. A method for storing and retrieving a plurality of information files includes storing the plurality of information files as a single disk file, where the disk file includes at least one storage block of a uniform size for each of the information files. The information files themselves may be of a variable file size. Within the single disk file, the method stores a directory of entries about the information files, each entry describing a location for one of the information files. The method provides steps for retrieving a desired information file by locating a storage block having the desired information file. The steps include reading from the storage block an amount of data equal to the file size of the information file plus an additional amount, in a single I/O operation.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system includes an intelligent analytical graphing module for creating complex analytical graphs from user-supplied information. Methods are described for automatically creating one or more desired analyses on a spread of user-supplied information, all without the user having to modify his or her information or supply (or even understand) the operations necessary for a given analysis. The system includes a preferred interface for receiving selections from the user indicating one or more analyses to be performed on the information, and for displaying analytical graphs for visualizing the result of a selected analysis.

Abstract: System and methods are described for sorting information records in a fast and efficient manner. The present invention is particularly useful in environments where resources, such as available memory storage, are limited. A preferred method of the present invention includes scanning the field of records to be sorted (e.g., from left to right), whereby the system recursively divides the records into smaller groups, as determined by the values at a current position (i.e., the location currently under examination). As the members of a group drop below a predetermined threshold value, traditional improved sorting techniques (e.g., quicksort or insertsort) may be applied to the group to complete the sort.

Abstract: An object-oriented development system of the present invention includes a language compiler having an optimizer for generating computer applications with improved speed and size. C++ optimization methods of the present invention are described, including virtual function and base optimization, using thunks for virtual member pointers, and passing classes by value. An object-oriented calling convention of the present invention, which affords rapid and efficient access to data and methods of objects, is also described.

Abstract: System and methods are described for storing and processing multiple bitmap images, such as those commonly employed in graphical user interfaces (GUIs), within a single "master" bitmap. Within a master bitmap, each image is bound by "corner brackets," each of which comprises a group of pixels which may be identified separately. Each image within a given master bitmap may be identified and processed as a separate image. Methods are described, for instance, for determining size, position, and identity of each image within a multi-image bitmap. Size is computed from the distance between the brackets surrounding an image; position may be computed relative to the position of the surrounding brackets. For identification, each image is provided with a unique ID or identifier, such as a number, embedded within the master bitmap itself. A method of the present invention for decoding an image from a master bitmap is also presented.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet system of the present invention includes a notebook interface having a plurality of notebook pages, each of which may contain a spread of information cells, or other desired page type (e.g., Graphs page). Methods are provided for rapidly accessing and processing information on the different pages, including displaying a plurality of page identifiers for selecting individual pages, and further including a preferred syntax for referencing information. Additional methods are provided for editing cells and blocks of cells.

Abstract: A system of the present invention includes a PC-based relational database management system (PC RDBMS) with data integrity facilities. Methods are described for maintaining referential integrity between data tables which may be freely moved to various remote workstations--ones which do not have ready access to a centrally-maintained data dictionary. The system provides each table with descriptors for tracking referential integrity links or relationships among various tables, regardless of a particular situs where a table resides. A preferred interface is also described for permitting end-users to easily define referential integrity links between data tables.

Abstract: An electronic spreadsheet of the present invention includes a scenario manager having a preferred interface and methods for creating and managing various versions or "scenarios" of a spreadsheet model. Methods are provided for specifying an area of the model to track (capture area) and capturing various versions (modifications) of the base model. Additional methods are provided for automatically identifying and reporting information cells which are affected ("changing" and "result" cells) from version to version. Preferred storage methodology is also described for maintaining multiple versions of a spreadsheet or data model.

Abstract: The present invention provides an expert system for suggesting and providing graphic design selections based on a user's desired result. The invention provides a plurality of descriptors to define the characteristics of an output page or document. A user can "scale" or "weight" the descriptors, as desired. The present invention utilizes the weighted descriptors to select a number of solutions from a predefined database of possible solutions. The "fit" of each database solution to the user criteria is determined via an intelligent search. Initially, solutions that do not satisfy rejection constraints are identified and eliminated. These rejection constraints are binary constraints and may be the result of output device limitation, intended audience, environment of use, availability of color, etc. The elimination of solutions that do not meet the rejection constraints reduces the population of possible solutions, simplifying further researches and analysis.