Abstract: Methods and apparatus for non-invasive patient treatment using ultrasound are disclosed. One method comprises administering to a patient a therapeutic agent, transmitting ultrasound and directing the ultrasonic energy at a region of interest of a patient, monitoring cavitation in and around the region of interest in real time, and controlling the ultrasonic transmitting device, based on the monitored cavitation, so that the ultrasonic energy is focused at the region of interest. Another method comprises determining the position of a region of interest in terms of spatial coordinates, storing or calculating an expected effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the region of interest, focusing ultrasound energy on the region of interest based on the spatial coordinates, measuring the effect of the ultrasound energy on the region of interest, comparing the measured effect with the stored or calculated effect, and providing an output of the comparison.