Abstract: A method of determining stability of a camera comprises capturing an image with the camera and then (A) determining a magnitude of motion for each region of a current sub-division of the image. A step (B) then determines a number of the magnitudes of motion not larger than a magnitude threshold associated with the current sub-division, and where the determined number is greater than or equal to a region threshold associated with the number of regions in the current sub-division, (i) determining the camera to be stable, or otherwise (ii) dividing the current sub-division of the image into a further sub-division and repeating steps (A) and (B) upon the further sub-division.

Abstract: A display with organic electroluminescent elements each having an optical-interference structure includes; a blue-light emitting layer containing a host material and a light emitting material, where lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of a hole-transporting layer is smaller than that of the host material and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the host material is larger than that of the hole-transporting layer by 0.5 eV or lower; and a film-thickness adjustment layer disposed between a light emitting layer and the hole-transporting layer of a red-light emitting electroluminescent element or a green-light emitting electroluminescent element, where the hole-mobility of the adjustment layer is higher than the carrier-mobility of the light emitting layer of the electroluminescent element having the adjustment layer, and HOMO of the adjustment layer is not higher than that of the hole-transporting layer and not lower than that of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer thereof.

Abstract: A method for forming an indium oxide film on an electrically conductive substrate by immersing the substrate and a counter electrode in an aqueous solution containing at least nitrate and indium ions and flowing an electric current between the substrate and the couter electrode, thereby causing indium oxide film formation on the substrate, is provided. A substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film forming method are also provided. An aqueous solution for the formation of an indium oxide film by an electroless deposition process, containing at least nitrate and indium ions and tartrate, is also disclosed. A film-forming method for the formation of an indium oxide film on a substrate by an electroless deposition process, using the aqueous solution, and a substrate for a semiconductor element and a photovoltaic element produced using the film-forming method are further provided.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member, a charging member, a developer, and an auxiliary member. The charging member contacts the image bearing member to electrically charge the image bearing member. The developer develops, with toner, an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member using a charging operation of the charging member. The developer is capable or removing residual toner from the image bearing member simultaneously with its developing operation for the electrostatic image. The auxiliary member is disposed upstream of the charging position and downstream of a transfer position where the toner image is transferred from the image bearing member onto a transfer material with respect to a movement direction of the image bearing member.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a carriage for carrying a recording head cartridge for effecting recording, and for conveying the recording head cartridge; and a guide for guiding the carriage within a range in which the carriage is conveyed. The carriage includes a slider slidable along the guide, and a contacting device for supporting the carriage by contact with the guide when a large force is imparted on the carriage, while remaining away from the guide during a normal conveying operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a plurality of image forming units for forming, on an image receiving member such as a transfer sheet, toner images of a plurality of different colors such as magenta, cyan, yellow and black. Each of the image forming units includes a photosensitive drum serving as an image carrier, a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image carried by the image carrier to form a color toner image, and a transfer device for transferring the toner image to the image receiving member. The developing device in the image forming unit for forming on the image receiving member the toner image of an (i+1)-th color is of the type capable of simultaneously performing both development and removal of residual toner. The transfer currents T.sub.i and T.sub.i+1 employed by the transfer units which perform transfer of the toner images of an i-th color and the (i+1)-th color satisfy the following condition (1).

Abstract: An electronic still/motion picture photography system including an optical-electronic transducer for producing electrical signals responsive to an optical image, a light information control member, such as a diaphragm, for controlling the state of light information incident on the transducer, a discriminating circuit for discriminating the state of light information as it is controlled by the light information control member, a drive source responsive to the output of the discriminating circuit for driving the light information control member, a recorder for recording the output of the transducer, an indicating switch for indicating the amount of output representing the exposed image to be recorded by the recorder, and a operating circuit responsive to the output of the indicating switch for changing the driving characteristics of the drive source.