Abstract: A spool of yarn of natural, synthetic or artificial textile fibres, with the torsion value of the plied yarn (?) throughout the spool (1) being variable, and being associated with the instantaneous winding/unwinding diameter (DI) of the spool (1), equal to ? (tpm)=1/(DI*?) such that, on unwinding the yarn as twisted in a first direction N-S, the torsion value of the yarn, once unwound as twisted (?) is constant throughout the spool and is essentially equivalent to 0 tpm, and such that, on unwinding the yarn as twisted in a second direction S-N, opposite to the first direction, the torsion value of the yarn, once unwound as twisted (?), is variable throughout the spool and is equivalent to ?? (tpm)=2/(DI*?). Process for the generation of the spool disclosed, and yarn twisting machine for the generation of the spool disclosed.

Abstract: A yarn spinning and/or twisting machine with multiple balls, comprising a yarn-feeding means (1), a yarn collection means for the yarn (4) with a rotation axis (V), a yarn guide (8) located between the yarn-feeding means (1) and the yarn collection means (4), means for the generation of the diameter of the ball (DB), motorised means linked to the yarn collection means (4), where the internal diameter of the yarn guide (8) is greater than the diameter of standard yarn guides (8) for each type of yarn, and smaller than 1.1 times the diameter of the ball generator (DB). Preferably, the internal diameter of the yarn guide (8) is between 0.01 and 0.9 times the diameter of the ball generator (DB). Preferably, the yarn spinning and/or twisting machine comprises several yarn guides (8, 8?, 8?), at least one of these with an internal diameter greater than the diameter of the standard yarn guide (8) for each type of yarn and smaller than 1.1 times the diameter of the ball generator (DB).

Abstract: A yarn ring spinning and/or twisting machine with multiple balls, comprising means to move the relative position of the yarn guide (8) with respect to the yarn exit point (Y1) from the yarn feed means (1) with a trajectory (T) not aligned with the axis of rotation (V) during a spinning cycle, such that the trajectory of the yarn along a lower area (LB) between the yarn guide (8) and the cursor-ring assembly (5), where at least 2 balls are formed, does not foul the yarn collection means (4) in order for the spinning process to be stable. Preferably, the trajectory (T) of the yarn guide (8) has a first section which moves the yarn guide (8) on the axis of rotation (V) of the yarn collection means (4), and a second section which moves the yarn guide (8) away from the axis of rotation (V) of the yarn collection means (4).

Abstract: A process is provided of yarn spinning and/or twisting, in which a yarn runs between a yarn feeder towards a yarn picker. A driver rotates the yarn picker at a predetermined speed, in which a stretch of balloon is generated in a point located between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker by the presence of a ring. A helical path with oscillating spiral diameters exists between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker, so that the path of the yarn through the ring, creates a body of revolution from a diameter generating a balloon that has at least a hyperboloid structure forming at least two stretches of balloons consecutive to each other. A machine for performing the process is also provided.

Abstract: Process to set the optimal working height between the thread entry point and the thread exit point in a twisting and/or thread spinning machine, and a twisting and/or thread spinning machine that applies such process including: identifying the variation of tension of the thread produced by the variation of the winding diameter (d) of the thread (8) on the bobbin (5), depending on the position of the rocker (6), or the winding diameter of the thread on the bobbin (5); carrying out the displacements from the thread entry point (PE) and/or from the thread exit point (PS) to obtain a distance (LB) between both in which the variations of tension counter each other.

Abstract: A method for transforming a yarn spinning and/or twisting machine and the yarn spinning and/or twisting machine modified according to the method to increase the height (h) of the balloon region zone (a), between the upper and lower ends thereof is provided. In order to provide the zone with two or more balloon regions (a), with means for feeding (1) the thread (2) using conventional upper guides (3), and means for tensing (4) and rolling (5) the thread (2) onto a lower collection reel (6), includes elimination of the conventional guide means (3); and the incorporation of an additional guide accessory (3?) immediately after the feed means (1), including for example, of a clip (30) or a set of rollers (32) optionally with a conveyor belt (33).

Abstract: A process of yarn spinning and/or twisting, in which a yarn runs between a yarn feeding means (1) towards a yarn picking means is provided. A driving means rotates the yarn picking means at a predetermined speed, in which a stretch of balloon is generated in a point located between the feeding means (1) and the picking means by the presence of twisting means. A helical path with oscillating spiral diameters exists between the yarn feeding means (1) and the yarn picking means, so that the path of the yarn, by the operation of the twisting means, creates a body of revolution from a diameter generating a balloon that has at least a hyperboloid structure (E) forming at least two stretches of balloons (B) consecutive to each other. A machine for performing the process is also provided.