Abstract: This radiofrequency oscillator has a free layer (10) and/or a reference layer formed by a stacking of at least three ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic layers coupled to one another by an RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida) coupling and among which at least two sub-layers are magnetically coupled to each other by an antiferromagnetic RKKY coupling.

Abstract: This left-handed substance comprises an array of conductive wires positioned relative to one another in such a way as to present a negative permittivity relative to the electromagnetic waves which have an electrical field parallel to the biggest dimension of these wires and are propagated at a frequency below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance, each wire being made out of a conductive magnetic material having negative permeability for a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves below the electrical plasma frequency of the substance and when there is no external artificial static magnetic field. Each wire comprises at least one strip, made out of a conductive magnetic material that extends along the greatest dimension of the wire in a plane of the strip and has a thickness at least twice as small as the skin thickness of the conductive magnetic material.

Abstract: This pad microprinting device comprises: a multi-level pad (34) wherein the printing pattern is made out of elastomeric material for which the Young's modulus is between 0.1 and 100 MPa, and a stop mechanism (62-64) capable of keeping an incompressible space of a thickness Dn between the nth flat bottom (122B) and the face of the substrate (32) on which an imprint has to be printed, when the pad is compressed against the face of the substrate to print off the imprint, the thickness Dn being between hn/2 and hn+100 nm where hn is the height of the protrusions of the printing pattern.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for obtaining an excimer and application to a laser.The apparatus comprises a compression chamber (9), compressor (11) for compressing the gaseous mixture R+XY+M in the compression chamber (9), an expansion chamber (3) communicating at least one opening (23,23a) with the compression chamber (9), a vacuum pump (25) for producing within the expansion chamber (3) a pressure well below that prevailing in the compression chamber (9), the pressure difference between the compression and expansion chambers, the surface of the opening and the volume of the compression chamber being such that the gaeous mixture entering the compression chamber undergoes a supersonic adiabatic expansion with a Mach number at least equal to 10 and electrodes (27, 29, 27a, 29a) for producing an electric discharge (E) in the expansion chamber (3), downstream (x) of the opening (23, 23a) FIG. 2.