Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Also, biocompatibe nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethyenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: A process for making cerium-containing nanoparticles with biocompatible stabilizers is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, a stabilizer (chelator) selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and an oxidant, is provided, followed by a heating step to effectively form the nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles can be used to treat oxidative stress related diseases and events, such as ischemic stroke.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible, nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected.

Abstract: A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.

Abstract: A process for making cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing at least one transition metal (M) utilizes a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles prepared by mechanical shearing of an aqueous mixture containing an oxidant in an amount effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product stream that contains transition metal-containing cerium dioxide nanoparticles, Ce1-xMxO2, wherein “x” has a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8. The nanoparticles thus obtained have a cubic fluorite structure, a mean hydrodynamic diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 4 nm. The transition metal-containing crystalline cerium dioxide nanoparticles can be used to prepare a dispersion of the particles in a nonpolar medium.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, malic acid, an oxidant, and water, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of nanoceria particles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of ceria and malic acid are described. A reduction in cell death in a murine model of ischemic stroke utilizing intact brain slices is demonstrated by a prophylactic treatment of ceria nanoparticles prepared with malic acid.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible, nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.

Abstract: Aqueous and substantially crystalline iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions and processes for making them are disclosed. The nanoparticle size and size distribution width are advantageous for use in a fuel additive for catalytic reduction of soot combustion in diesel particulate filters. Nanoparticles of the aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising a carboxylic acid and one or more low-polarity solvents. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a substantially metal-free remnant polar phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. A method for rapid and substantially complete transfer of non-agglomerated nanoparticles to the low polarity phase in the presence of an organic amine, and a rapid phase separation of the substantially non-polar colloid from a remnant aqueous phase, are provided.

Abstract: A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.

Abstract: A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.

Abstract: An improved process for producing substantially non-polar doped or un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. The promoter functions to speed the transfer of nanoparticles to the low-polarity phase. The promoter accelerates the phase separation, and also provides improved colloidal stability of the final substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion.

Abstract: A process for making cerium-containing nanoparticles with biocompatible stabilizers is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, a stabilizer (chelator) selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and an oxidant, is provided, followed by a heating step to effectively form the nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles can be used to treat oxidative stress related diseases and events, such as ischemic stroke.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a metal ion, a nucleobase, an oxidant, and water, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium or iron as the metal ion, and a purine and/or a pyrimidine as the nucleobase, are described.

Abstract: A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.

Abstract: A process for making cerium-containing nanoparticles with biocompatible stabilizers is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, a stabilizer (chelator) selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and an oxidant, is provided, followed by a heating step to effectively form the nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles can be used to treat oxidative stress related diseases and events, such as ischemic stroke.