Abstract: Ferrocene dicarboxylic acid diesters have the general formula (I), in which X stands for an oligoethylene glycol radical with 2 to 20 ethoxyl units and/or an &agr;,&ohgr;-alkyldiol radical with 2 to 18 C atoms. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the same, their use, solid composite propellants containing the disclosed ferrocene dicarboxylic acid diesters and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: New ferrocene derivatives with the general formula: ##STR1## are described with X=H or OHY=H or CH.sub.2 0HZ=(CH2).sub.s --CH.sub.2 OHR=straight-chain or branched alkyl residue with 2 to 6 C atomsr=0 to 8, preferably 0 to 2s=0 to 8, preferably 1 and 2These ferrocene derivatives are best suited as burning rate modifiers in posite solid propellants for rocket engines and gas generators.

Abstract: A process for reducing carbonaceous deposits caused by the combustion of heavy fuel oil in high-compression, spontaneous-ignition internal combustion engines involves adding an additive such as ferrocene or ethyl ferrocene to a heavy fuel oil having a density of 0.9 to 1.01 kg/dm.sup.3 in an amount of 1 to 100 ppm prior to combustion of the fuel oil and combusting the fuel oil in the high-compression, spontaneous-ignition internal combustion engine. The additive is dissolved in the heavy fuel oil.

Abstract: Ferrocene compounds are produced from related intermediates, wherein the ferrocene compounds are represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Z is one of the groups --CH.sub.2 --Y, --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--X or --CO--X, in which n is 1 to 6; X is an (oligo-)alkylene glycol residue with 1 to 10 alkoxy units or an alkanediol residue with 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and Y is X or OH, andR is an alkyl group with 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group with 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, when Y.noteq.OH.The related intermediates differ from the ferrocene compound in that Z is replaced by Z' which is --COOH or --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOH. The ferrocene compounds of formula (I) are especially suitable as combustion moderators for solid fuels.

Abstract: A device as described for direct addition of additive solids to liquid fuels, which solids are soluble in the fuel. For adding solids to fuel directly in the line leading to the combustion chamber or engine, the device includes a hollow body at least partially filled with the solid, whose lengthwise axis is at an angle .alpha. of 130.degree. to 170.degree. to the inflowing fuel and whose lower end, irrigated by inflowing fuel, has at least one opening through which the fuel can enter and leave the hollow body.

Abstract: A device for direct addition of solid additives to fuels for internal combustion engines. In order to ensure a concentration of the solid additive in the fuel which is as constant as possible, the device has a cartridge at least partially filled with the solid additives and at least partially permeable to the fuel. The cartridge is located in a portion of the filling neck of a fuel tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for direct addition of solid ferrocene to fuels. The liquid addition or fortification of fuels with ferrocene is known. The new apparatus and the new method enable an addition of solid ferrocene to fuels. The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a grinder being connected to a fuel conduit or a fuel tank, said grinder being filled with solid ferrocene. The apparatus further comprises a step motor being coupled to the grinder and includes a control means for said step motor. With respect to the method of the present invention it is proposed to measure the amount of fuel flowing through a fuel conduit, to determine the required amount of ferrocene therefrom and to add the so determined amount of ferrocene to the amount of fuel by actuating the grinder at the corresponding number of revolutions.