Abstract: The necessity of opening a large polymerization reactor, in order to introduce a polymerization catalyst between charges in the batch suspension of polymerization of vinyl chloride on a commercial scale, is eliminated, thereby avoiding vinyl chloride emissions into the atmosphere, by isolating a segment of a charging conduit for a polymerization reactor containing vinyl chloride under pressure proximate the reactor; partially filling the isolated segment with water; charging the isolated segment above the water therein with a water-insoluble polymerization catalyst; and displacing into the reactor from the catalyst-charged segment first the water therein and then the catalyst therein with vinyl chloride under pressure.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic rubber latices having a high solids content and a low viscosity by low-temperature redox emulsion polymerization with subsequent agglomeration of the latex particles with oxidized polyethylene oxides, comprises conducting the redox emulsion polymerization in a system wherein the ratio of monomers to water is 0.85 to 1.25; the amount of emulsifier is 2.0 to 4.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of monomers; the alkali metal salt concentration in the aqueous phase is 35-70 mmol./l; and the average rate of conversion of monomers is 8% per hour.

Abstract: A thermoplastic material, suitable for fabrication into panels or sheets, and having high strength at elevated temperatures comprises:(a) 100 parts by weight of polyolefin elastomer;(b) more than 50, but no more than 150 parts by weight of crystalline or partially crystalline polyolefin;(c) 30 to 150 parts by weight of carbon black; and, optionally,(d) up to 50 parts by weight of bitumen;(e) up to 30 parts by weight of mineral oil;(f) up to 240 parts by weight of chalk or siliceous chalk; and(g) up to 10 parts by weight of lubricant.

Abstract: Acyclic conjugated diolefins of 4-6 carbon atoms can be telomerized or oligomerized by themselves or with H-acidic compounds in the presence of an activated palladium (triarylphosphine) catalyst prepared by oxidatative removal of 1-3.5 molar equivalents of triphenylphosphine from palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine). The thus-obtained, activated palladium complex is recovered, after termination of the telomerization and/or oligomerization, by adding 2-6 molar equivalents of triphenylphosphine to the reaction product, distilling the telomer or oligomer therefrom and recovering the thus-regenerated palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) from the distillation residue.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of homo- and co-polymers of vinyl chloride are freed of residual monomer in a continuous manner by mixing the dispersion with steam in a first flow pipe maintained at reduced pressure; degasifying the mixture to a first degasification vessel maintained at a lower pressure; again mixing the degassed mixture with steam in a second flow pipe, also maintained at reduced pressure and having fluid flow diverting means therein; and then again degasifying the mixture in a second degasification vessel maintained at a lower pressure than the second flow pipe.

Abstract: Pourable elastomer-filler mixtures, optionally containing plasticizer oil, are prepared by an improved process, the process comprising mixing an aqueous emulsion of an elastomer solution with an aqueous dispersion of a filler(s); introducing this mixture into water containing a precipitant(s); precipitating the elastomer-filler mixture while simultaneously removing the elastomer solvent by distillation; separating the thus-precipitated elastomer-filler mixture from the water; and drying the elastomer mixture under constant agitation; and the improvement comprising:Initially emulsifying the elastomer solution in water in the presence of a combination of:(a) 0.01 - 1.0% by weight of an anionic emulsifier, based on the weight of the elastomer solution;(b) 0.001 - 0.1% by weight of a nonionic protective colloid, based on the weight of the elastomer solution; and(c) 0.001 - 0.

Abstract: An improved process for the aqueous emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride to be spray-dried and thus form paste-yielding polymers wherein the polymerization is conducted in an emulsion containing at least 45% by weight of monomers together with an emulsifying amount of alkali metal fatty acid salts of 8-18 carbon atoms at a pH of 9.5-11.5, and wherein the pH is reduced to a value between 6 and 7.5 prior to spray-drying or to a value between 4 and 7.5 during the spray-drying step.

Abstract: Nonflammable molding compositions consisting of:1. a thermoplastic, saturated linear polyester;2. a triarylphosphine oxide or an aryl or alkyl ester of an arylphosphinic acid;3. a nuclear-brominated alkylbenzene;4. customary auxiliary agents and additives; and containing, based on (1) through (4), 0.5 - 10% by weight of bromine and 0.1 - 2% by weight of phosphorus.

Abstract: The amount of formic acid ester produced by the Oxo Process is reduced and the amount of alcohol is increased when the reaction product of said process, in contact with a copper/nickel supported catalyst, is subjected to elevated temperatures. Such catalysts are also useful for the conversion, by hydrogenation, of formyl esters to their corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude alkylate from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatics comprises introducing anhydrous ammonia under anhydrous conditions into the crude alkylate(a) at a temperature of 40.degree.-70.degree. C, preferably 50.degree.-60.degree. C;(b) to a pH of 7-9, preferably 7.5-8.5; and(c) at a pressure of 0.4-25 bars, preferably 2-5 bars. During the introduction of ammonia, the crude alkylate can be agitated.

Abstract: Cyclic esters of dodecanedioic acid with aliphatic diols of 2-12 carbon atoms in the chain and substituted by up to two alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, are produced by thermolysis of corresponding linear polyesters under reduced pressure in the presence of catalysts by subjecting the linear polyesters to thermolysis at temperatures between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C., and by utilizing as catalyst a tin(II) salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of up to 18 carbon atoms, of an aromatic or araliphatic monocarboxylic acid of up to 36 carbon atoms, of an aliphatic or aromatic hydroxy-, poly-, ketocarboxylic acid or of a dicarboxylic acid of up to 18 carbon atoms; or a mixture of an organotin compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl of 1-18 carbon atoms, or aryl or aralkyl of 6-36 carbon atoms, and an O,O-dialkyl-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonate wherein each alkyl is of 2-18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Spread-coating compositions for improving the surface properties of paper comprising an aqueous dispersion of a styrene/butadiene-polymer, and from about 2% to about 30% by weight of total polymeric solids of polyethylene oxides of a molecular weight of from about 6,000 to about 50,000.

Abstract: Liquid varnish coating compositions having a low or nil solvent content, comprising a mixture of binders and optionally conventional auxiliary agents, which contain, as the binder, a mixture of:A) glycidyl esters produced in the usual manner by the reaction of esterification products containing carboxyl groups with an excess of a 2,3-epoxyhaloalkane in the presence of reactive agents which split off hydrogen halide; andB) one or more cyclic anhydrides of saturated and/or unsaturated aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids, or mixtures consisting essentially of carboxylic acid anhydrides of saturated and/or unsaturated aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, wherein the melting point of the anhydride or anhydride mixture is below 100.degree. C.,in such an amount that 0.7-1.5 anhydride equivalents are present for one epoxide equivalent of the glycidyl esters.

Abstract: Liquid varnish coating compositions having a low or nil solvent content, comprising a mixture of binders and optionally conventional auxiliary agents, which contain, as the binder, a mixture of:(A) glycidyl esters produced in the usual manner by the reaction of esterification products containing carboxyl groups with an excess of a 2,3-epoxyhaloalkane in the presence of reactive agents which split off hydrogen halide; and(B) one or more cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides of saturated and/or unsaturated aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids or mixtures consisting essentially of carboxylic acid anhydrides of saturated and/or unsaturated aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, wherein the melting point of the anhydride or anhydride mixture and changes is below 100.degree. C., in such an amount that 0.7-1.5 anhydride equivalents are present for one epoxide equivalent of the glycidyl esters.

Abstract: A process for the production of squaric acid, comprising reacting hexachlorocyclobutene with 70-96% by weight sulfuric acid at 80.degree.-150.degree. C.

Abstract: Cycloolefins of 8 or 12 carbon atoms and with one or more non-conjugated double bonds in the ring can be polymerized, optionally in the presence of a solvent, with the aid of a catalyst of tungsten hexachloride and cis,trans-1,5-cyclodecadiene as the cocatalyst.

Abstract: Reaction of methallyl chloride (MAC) containing isocrotyl chloride (ICC) with aqueous sodium sulfite solution in an emulsion at 30.degree.-80.degree. C. and pH 7-11, maintained constant during the reaction by metered addition of sodium hydroxide solution is done in a two-step process, in the first step of which a mixture enriched in ICC and depleted in MAC from a preceding reaction batch and/or the second reaction step as excess organic residual phase, is reacted with an excess of concentrated sulfite solution until the MAC has been practically completely consumed; and, in the second step of which the reaction solution remaining after separating the unreacted ICC by distillation is reacted with a technical MAC/ICC mixture containing an excess of MAC until sulfite has been practically completely consumed. Thereafter, the excess organic residual phase is recycled to the first step after distillative separation. The MAC is preferably added in 10-40% excess in the second step.

Abstract: Liquid varnish coating compositions having a low or nil solvent content, comprising a mixture of binders and optionally conventional auxiliary agents, which contain, as the binder, a mixture of:A) glycidyl esters produced in the usual manner by the reaction of esterification products containing carboxyl groups with an excess of a 2,3-epoxyhaloalkane in the presence of reactive agents which split off hydrogen halide; andB) one or more polyamines with at least 3 active hydrogen atoms linked to nitrogen atoms, wherein the nitrogen atoms are bound to aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic residues which, in turn, can optionally be bound to an aromatic residue,In such an amount that 0.8-1.5 amino hydrogen equivalents are present for one epoxide equivalent of the glycidyl esters.

Abstract: Alkoxyoctadienes are brominated with bromine to alkoxytetrabromoctanes of high purity by adding the bromine to an aqueous suspension of the alkoxyoctadienes at 0.degree.-40.degree. C.

Abstract: Polymer blends comprising a major amount of polybutene-1 with a minor amount of low-pressure polypropylene or ethylene/propylene or butene-1 copolymers exhibit improved physical properties.