Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic hydrocarbon as the continuous phase of a drilling fluid. These hydrocarbons comprise mostly linear olefins, preferably C.sub.14 to C.sub.18 olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using nickel alumina catalyst to isomerize linear alpha olefins substantially completely to linear internal olefins with no significant increase in branch internal olefin content.

Abstract: Mixture of alkyl aryl sulfonates of superalkalinized alkaline earth metals comprising:(a) 50 to 85% by weight of a mono alkyl phenyl sulfonate with a C.sub.14 to C.sub.40 linear chain wherein the molar proportion of phenyl sulfonate substituent in position 1 or 2 is between 0 and 13%, and(b) 15 to 50% by weight of a heavy alkyl aryl sulfonate, wherein the aryl radical is phenyl or not, and the alkyl chains are either two linear alkyl chains with a total number of carbon atoms of 16 to 40, or one or a plurality of branched alkyl chains with on average a total number of carbon atoms of 15 to 48.Inasmuch as these mixtures contain less than 10% of linear mono alkyl phenyl sulfonate substituted in position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain, they exhibit properties making them fit for use as detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic hydrocarbons produced by skeletal isomerization, and the isomerization process. The products are especially useful as the continuous phase of a drilling fluid, for example when prepared from C.sub.14 to C.sub.18 linear alpha-olefins via isomerization or hydroisomerization, and as lube oils.The present invention also relates to a process for producing synthetic hydrocarbons by skeletally isomerizing C.sub.12+ olefins over a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size molecular sieve, with or without Group VIII metals under skeletal isomerization conditions which result in little, preferably in substantially no, olefin cracking or oligomerization.

Abstract: A new process for the hydrodealkylation of ethylbenzene and the isomerization of xylenes at low pressure and at a low hydrogen to ethylbenzene mole ratio as well as a low hydrogen to hydrocarbon feed mole ratio using a catalyst comprising (a) HZSM-5 having a particle size less than 1.0 microns, and (b) a Group VIII metal such as platinum.

Abstract: A lubricant composition is disclosed that is suitable for direct fuel injected, crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engines. That lubricant composition has a major amount of at least one oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of a lubricity additive, a polyalkyl amide, an imidazoline, a polyisobutylene, and a functionalized polyisobutylene. The lubricity additive contains glycerol monooleate, an acid aliphatic aromatic amine-phosphate, and sodium sulfonate. The acid aliphatic aromatic amine-phosphate has a phosphorus/oxygen atom ratio of from 4.0:1 to 4.5:1, and at least 1.2 equivalents of acid to 1.0 equivalents of base.

Abstract: A polyamine-containing polyalkyl aromatic ester having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; wherein R.sub.1 is a polyamine moiety having about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms, wherein the polyamine moiety is connected to the aromatic ring through one of its amine nitrogen atoms and R.sub.2 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5000.The polyamine-containing polyalkyl aromatic esters of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A polyalklpyroroplidine compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; wherein R.sub.1 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 500 to 5,000;R.sub.2 is a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms;is R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ; andx is an integer from about 0 to 4.The polyalkylpyrrolidines of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: The residual olefin content of the alkylation reaction product of a single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin is reduced by removing at least a portion of the non-alkylated single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon, then reacting the remaining alkylation reaction product at about atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The olefin has at least sixteen carbon atoms. The acidic catalyst can be a molecular sieve (such as a natural or synthetic zeolite) or clay.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing high purity benzene and high purity paraxylene from a hydrocarbon feed. In one aspect, the process comprises: (a) reforming a hydrocarbon feed using either a monofunctional catalyst or a bifunctional catalyst to provide one or more reformate streams; (b) fractionating the reformate stream to provide a toluene stream, a benzene stream, and a xylene stream; (c) subjecting the toluene stream to disproportionation; (d) purifying the benzene stream by extraction followed by distillation to provide a high purity benzene product; and (e) purifying the xylene stream by simulated moving bed countercurrent adsorption followed by crystallization to provide a high purity paraxylene product.

Abstract: Dispersant detergent additives for lubricating oils prepared by neutralization, carboxylation, sulfurization-overalkalinization, carbonation, distillation, filtering and degassing from alkyl phenols containing 35-85% by weight of linear alkyl substituents. The process does not require, during the neutralizing phase, the presence of a third solvent, which, by forming an azeotropic mixture with water promote the elimination of water arising from the neutralizing reaction. The additives of the invention have improved stability to hydrolysis and improved dispersion properties, improved compatibility and improved foaming properties.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition has an oil of lubricating viscosity, plus minor portions of alkylated aminophenol and zinc dithiophosphate. Preferably, about 75 mol % of the alkyl groups of the zinc dithiophosphate are derived from primary alcohols. The alkylated aminophenol can be a borated 4-alkyl-2-aminophenol having, as its alkyl group, a polypropylene tetramer having from 18 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ashless lubricating oil composition that improves the corrosion properties in natural gas engines. The ashless lubricating oil composition comprises:a) a major amount of base oil of lubricating viscosity;b) from about 1 to 6 wt % of an untreated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant; andc) from about 1 to 6 wt % of a borated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant.

Abstract: Esters of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000;n is an integer from 2 to 5; and Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydroxy, nitro, cyano or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or --(CH.sub.2).sub.y --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y is 0 or 1.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: The use of an effective amount of a compound as an additive improving the compatibility of a lubricating oil formulation having dispersants containing basic nitrogen atoms, with fluorocarbon elastomer seals. That compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, or arylalkyl, or together form a carbocycle, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently sulfurized alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkyl, or borated hydroxyalkyl, with the proviso that R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together contain sufficient carbon atoms to render the compound oil soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is reformed to enhance para-xylene yield and to minimize ethylbenzene production. The hydrocarbon feed is subjected to catalytic aromatization at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen, using a non-acidic catalyst having at least one Group VIII metal on a non-acidic zeolite support, to produce a reformate stream containing ethylbenzene and xylenes in which the para-xylene content of the xylene fraction is less than equilibrium. Then, at least some of the reformate is reacted at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen, using an intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst having a modifier in the absence of a Group VIII metal, to isomerize the non-equilibrium xylene fraction. The modifier can be magnesium, calcium, barium, or phosphorus. At least 20 wt. % of the ethylbenzene in the reformate is converted by hydrodealkylation.

Abstract: The method of the invention includes making dimethyinaphthalenes by first contacting, in an alkylation zone, at alkylation conditions, a toluene-containing stream with a pentene-containing stream in the presence of an acid alkylation catalyst. At least a portion of the toluene and pentenes react to form pentyltoluenes. At least a portion of the pentyltoluenes is then contacting in a reforming zone with reforming catalyst, at reforming conditions. At least a portion of the pentyltoluenes is converted to dimethylnaphthalenes.

Abstract: Aminocarbamates of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N-hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000;n is an integer from 2 to 5; andA is a polyamine moiety having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the polyamine is connected to he carbonyl group through one of its nitrogen atoms to form a carbamate linkage.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Pyridyl and piperidyl esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-piperidyl, and 4-piperidyl;R.sub.1 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 450 to 5,000; andR.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a polyisobutanyl group derived from a highly reactive polyisobutene having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 500 to 5,000;R.sub.2 is an alkylene group having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms; andx is an integer from about 1 to 4.The polyisobutanyl succinimides of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.