Abstract: A method of protecting carbon and low-alloy steels from high temperature hydrogen attack. A carbon or low-alloy steel portion of a reactor system that is to be contacted with high pressure hydrogen at elevated temperatures is provided with an intermetallic, diffusion barrier layer that reduces the rate of hydrogen attack at least ten-fold compared to the steel portion without the diffusion barrier layer.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of making 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene from any DMN with one methyl on each ring in a two-step hydroisomerization/dehydrogenation process. The catalyst used in the hydroisomerization step is an acidic catalyst such as a silica aluminum catalyst with a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metal. The catalyst used in the dehydrogenation step is a reforming type catalyst.

Abstract: A polysuccinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 140 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has an average degree of polymerization of from 2 to 20, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having a Mn of at least 1000. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and has from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing high purity benzene and high purity paraxylene from a hydrocarbon feed. In one aspect, the process comprises: (a) reforming a hydrocarbon feed using either a monofunctional catalyst or a bifunctional catalyst to provide one or more reformate streams; (b) fractionating the reformate stream to provide a toluene stream, a benzene stream, and a xylene stream; (c) subjecting the toluene stream to disproportionation; (d) purifying the benzene stream by extraction followed by distillation to provide a high purity benzene product; and (e) purifying the xylene stream by simulated moving bed countercurrent adsorption followed by crystallization to provide a high purity paraxylene product.

Abstract: Dispersant detergent additives for lubricating oils prepared by neutralization, carboxylation, sulfurization-overalkalinization, carbonation, distillation, filtering and degassing from alkyl phenols containing 35-85% by weight of linear alkyl substituents. The process does not require, during the neutralizing phase, the presence of a third solvent, which, by forming an azeotropic mixture with water promote the elimination of water arising from the neutralizing reaction. The additives of the invention have improved stability to hydrolysis and improved dispersion properties, improved compatibility and improved foaming properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ashless lubricating oil composition that improves the corrosion properties in natural gas engines. The ashless lubricating oil composition comprises:a) a major amount of base oil of lubricating viscosity;b) from about 1 to 6 wt % of an untreated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant; andc) from about 1 to 6 wt % of a borated polyalkylene or polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition has an oil of lubricating viscosity, plus minor portions of alkylated aminophenol and zinc dithiophosphate. Preferably, about 75 mol % of the alkyl groups of the zinc dithiophosphate are derived from primary alcohols. The alkylated aminophenol can be a borated 4-alkyl-2-aminophenol having, as its alkyl group, a polypropylene tetramer having from 18 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Esters of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000;n is an integer from 2 to 5; and Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydroxy, nitro, cyano or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or --(CH.sub.2).sub.y --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y is 0 or 1.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricant material is produced by forming a catalyst complex of a boron trifluoride catalyst and at least one alcohol promoter in the absence of olefinic monomer, then oligomerizing a C.sub.4-16 olefinic monomer by adding the olefinic monomer to a reaction vessel containing the catalyst complex, under boron trifluoride pressure, to produce an oligomer product. At least 50 weight % of the olefinic monomer is C.sub.8-16 olefinic monomer.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and (a) about 50 to 70 parts per million by weight of a fuel-soluble aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom wherein the hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 3,000; and (b) about 35 to below about 75 parts per million by weight of a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) monool having an average molecular weight of about 500 to about 5,000, wherein the oxyalkylene group is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 oxyalkylene group and the hydrocarbyl group is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A continuous bulk polymerization process for making a high gloss, high impact strength polystyrene based resin having a bimodal particle size distribution containing capsule particles having an average size of 0.2 to 0.6 microns and cellular particles having an average particle size of 1.2 to 8.0 microns. The process comprises three reaction zones in series where styrene and a styrene-butadiene copolymer are fed to the first reaction zone which is maintained at pre-phase inversion conditions and no particles are allowed to form. The capsule particles form in the second reaction zone which is maintained at post-phase inversion conditions. Polybutadiene is introduced into the third reaction zone which is also maintained at post-phase inversion conditions. The cellular morphology particles form in the third reaction zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst precursor, useful to make catalysts useful in the polymerization of olefins, comprising the product obtained by adding a preformed magnesium source to a solution comprising a solvent having dissolved therein a transition metal compound and an alkyl halide.

Abstract: A process for producing a synthetic hydrocarbon product is provided comprising contacting under isomerization conditions an olefin feed comprising linear olefins with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size molecular sieve, wherein the catalyst is substantially free of Group VIII metals. The synthetic hydrocarbon product exhibits a low pour point and low toxicity to marine life.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided comprising contacting under polymerization conditions a catalyst, a taming agent, ethylene and optionally a comonomer, wherein the catalyst comprises chromium oxide, titanium oxide and an inorganic refractory oxide, wherein the taming agent is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and organic acids and mixtures thereof. The process is especially suited for polymerizing ethylene resins suitable for blow molding use.

Abstract: The use of an effective amount of a compound as an additive improving the compatibility of a lubricating oil formulation having dispersants containing basic nitrogen atoms, with fluorocarbon elastomer seals. That compound has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, or arylalkyl, or together form a carbocycle, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently sulfurized alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkyl, or borated hydroxyalkyl, with the proviso that R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together contain sufficient carbon atoms to render the compound oil soluble in an oil of lubricating viscosity.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed is reformed to enhance para-xylene yield and to minimize ethylbenzene production. The hydrocarbon feed is subjected to catalytic aromatization at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen, using a non-acidic catalyst having at least one Group VIII metal on a non-acidic zeolite support, to produce a reformate stream containing ethylbenzene and xylenes in which the para-xylene content of the xylene fraction is less than equilibrium. Then, at least some of the reformate is reacted at elevated temperatures in the presence of hydrogen, using an intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst having a modifier in the absence of a Group VIII metal, to isomerize the non-equilibrium xylene fraction. The modifier can be magnesium, calcium, barium, or phosphorus. At least 20 wt. % of the ethylbenzene in the reformate is converted by hydrodealkylation.

Abstract: The method of the invention includes making dimethyinaphthalenes by first contacting, in an alkylation zone, at alkylation conditions, a toluene-containing stream with a pentene-containing stream in the presence of an acid alkylation catalyst. At least a portion of the toluene and pentenes react to form pentyltoluenes. At least a portion of the pentyltoluenes is then contacting in a reforming zone with reforming catalyst, at reforming conditions. At least a portion of the pentyltoluenes is converted to dimethylnaphthalenes.

Abstract: Aminocarbamates of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N-hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000;n is an integer from 2 to 5; andA is a polyamine moiety having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the polyamine is connected to he carbonyl group through one of its nitrogen atoms to form a carbamate linkage.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A method to prevent intake valve sticking, or to reduce or eliminate intake valve sticking when it has already occurred, in an internal combustion engine which comprises contacting the engine intake valves with a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and an amount effective to prevent, reduce or eliminate intake valve sticking of a hydrocarbyl poly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamate having at least one basic nitrogen atom and an average molecular weight of about 500 to about 10,000, and wherein the hydrocarbyl group has from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Pyridyl and piperidyl esters of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-piperidyl, and 4-piperidyl;R.sub.1 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 450 to 5,000; andR.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms.The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.