Abstract: Dosage forms and methods of use are disclosed for a) adjuncts administered individually or simultaneously with HMg-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and/or selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors or, b) the administration of a conjugate consisting of the adjuncts and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and/or a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor. The invention is useful in the amelioration of side effects associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and will improve their effectiveness in diseases for which these are useful. The invention will also improve the effectiveness in the of selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in patients using these medications alone or in conjunction with statins, for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: Dosage forms and methods of use are disclosed for: a) the simultaneous administration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) or a derivative, homolog or precursor thereof and lipoic acid (LA), or dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), or a derivative, homolog or salt thereof or, b) the administration of a conjugate consisting of tetrahydrobiopterin bis-lipoate (TBL).

Abstract: Chronic glaucoma, cataract, ocular and periocular aging are treated and prevented by the administration of agents that affect metabolic subsystems such as (i) mitochondrial bioenergetics, (ii) free radical moderation and glutathione maintenance, (iii) constitutive nitric oxide/endothelin-1 balance, and (iv) calcium wave signaling and associated neuronal excito-toxicity. Included among the agents are tetrahydrobiopterin, R-alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, 17 alpha-estradiol, and glutathione.