Abstract: A damage measurement technique capable of measuring damage of a sample in a single crystal state, regardless of the surrounding condition, includes irradiating microbeam white X-rays to a sample in a single crystal state, diffraction of a spot generated by the irradiation is detected, a coefficient on variance of an intensity distribution in a specific direction in the detected diffraction spot is calculated, and a damaged state of the sample is specified based on the calculated coefficient.

Abstract: The condensing apparatus 71 includes: a compressor 10 which has a compression part 20 compressing a working fluid; a condenser 13 which condenses the working fluid compressed by the compression part 20; and a spray mechanism 81 including a nozzle 82 which sprays a cooling fluid into a fluid passage 91 to cool the working fluid flowing through the fluid passage 91 between a discharge opening CS2 of the compression part 20 and an inlet 13a of the condenser 13.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a superconducting wire material in which the superconducting current is not saturated even when a superconducting layer is made into a thick film, and a superconducting wire material. In the method a superconducting layer is formed on a metal substrate interposed by an intermediate layer, the method including heating the metal substrate up to the film-formation temperature of a superconducting film for forming the superconducting layer, forming a superconducting film having a film thickness of at least 10 nm and no more than 200 nm on the intermediate layer, and reducing the metal substrate temperature to a level below the film-formation temperature of the superconducting film, and the superconducting film-formation, including the heating, the film-formation, and the cooling, are performed a plurality of times.

Abstract: The refrigerator includes: a cooling-water line having a cooling-water pump to thereby send water for cooling a refrigerant inside of a condenser; a lubricating-water supply line connecting the part downstream from the cooling-water pump on the cooling-water line and a compressor 4 and supplying water flowing through the cooling-water line as a lubricant to the compressor 4; and a backup portion supplying water to the lubricating-water supply line instead of supplying water from the cooling-water line when the cooling-water pump is not driven.

Abstract: A vaporization method includes a preparing step of preparing a vaporizing tube that covers at least a part of a heat exchange unit for cold energy of a Stirling engine and is capable of forming an ascending flow of the liquid flowing from a bottom to a top of the heat exchange unit for cold energy, and a vaporizing step of feeding the liquid in the vaporizing tube to thereby form the ascending flow and bringing the liquid into contact with the Stirling engine to vaporize the liquid. In the preparing step, a flowing direction of the ascending flow is adjusted to suppress occurrence of separated flows of the liquid and gas in the vaporizing tube. In the vaporizing step, the liquid is fed at a flow velocity at which a gas-liquid two-phase flow in which the liquid and the gas are mixed is formed in the vaporizing tube.

Abstract: An axial flow compressor includes: a rotor having a rotor vane; a first pressing member joined to one end surface of the rotor; a second pressing member joined to the other end surface of the rotor; a rotor shaft portion penetrating the first pressing member, the rotor and the second pressing member; and a nut which fixes the first pressing member and the second pressing member on the rotor shaft portion with the first pressing member and the second pressing member holding the rotor between. The rotor shaft portion is made of a material having a lower linear expansion coefficient than that of a material making at least a part of the rotor. The material making at least a part of the rotor may be aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Abstract: The power recovery system includes: a Stirling engine; and a vaporization device that stores a liquid therein in such a manner that the liquid is kept in contact with an upper portion of a cylinder and vaporizes the liquid by supplying the cold heat of the liquid to the upper portion of the cylinder. The vaporization device includes a liquid container which stores the liquid therein in such a manner that the liquid is kept in contact with the upper portion of the cylinder, and an outer container embracing the liquid container and defining a space portion around the liquid container. The space portion communicates with the liquid container and an exhaust vent. Gas vaporized in the liquid container passes between the liquid container and an outer wall surface of a heat insulating material during passage thereof from the liquid container to the exhaust vent through the space portion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a superconducting wire material in which the superconducting current is not saturated even when a superconducting layer is made into a thick film, and a superconducting wire material. In the method a superconducting layer is formed on a metal substrate interposed by an intermediate layer, the method including heating the metal substrate up to the film-formation temperature of a superconducting film for forming the superconducting layer, forming a superconducting film having a film thickness of at least 10 nm and no more than 200 nm on the intermediate layer, and reducing the metal substrate temperature to a level below the film-formation temperature of the superconducting film, and the superconducting film-formation, including the heating, the film-formation, and the cooling, are performed a plurality of times.

Abstract: The condensing apparatus 71 includes: a compressor 10 which has a compression part 20 compressing a working fluid; a condenser 13 which condenses the working fluid compressed by the compression part 20; and a spray mechanism 81 including a nozzle 82 which sprays a cooling fluid into a fluid passage 91 to cool the working fluid flowing through the fluid passage 91 between a discharge opening CS2 of the compression part 20 and an inlet 13a of the condenser 13.

Abstract: The power recovery system includes: a Stirling engine; and a vaporization device that stores a liquid therein in such a manner that the liquid is kept in contact with an upper portion of a cylinder and vaporizes the liquid by supplying the cold heat of the liquid to the upper portion of the cylinder. The vaporization device includes a liquid container which stores the liquid therein in such a manner that the liquid is kept in contact with the upper portion of the cylinder, and an outer container embracing the liquid container and defining a space portion around the liquid container. The space portion communicates with the liquid container and an exhaust vent. Gas vaporized in the liquid container passes between the liquid container and an outer wall surface of a heat insulating material during passage thereof from the liquid container to the exhaust vent through the space portion.

Abstract: A vaporization method includes a preparing step of preparing a vaporizing tube that covers at least a part of a heat exchange unit for cold energy of a Stirling engine and is capable of forming an ascending flow of the liquid flowing from a bottom to a top of the heat exchange unit for cold energy, and a vaporizing step of feeding the liquid in the vaporizing tube to thereby form the ascending flow and bringing the liquid into contact with the Stirling engine to vaporize the liquid. In the preparing step, a flowing direction of the ascending flow is adjusted to suppress occurrence of separated flows of the liquid and gas in the vaporizing tube. In the vaporizing step, the liquid is fed at a flow velocity at which a gas-liquid two-phase flow in which the liquid and the gas are mixed is formed in the vaporizing tube.

Abstract: An axial flow compressor includes: a rotor having a rotor vane; a first pressing member joined to one end surface of the rotor; a second pressing member joined to the other end surface of the rotor; a rotor shaft portion penetrating the first pressing member, the rotor and the second pressing member; and a nut which fixes the first pressing member and the second pressing member on the rotor shaft portion with the first pressing member and the second pressing member holding the rotor between. The rotor shaft portion is made of a material having a lower linear expansion coefficient than that of a material making at least a part of the rotor. The material making at least a part of the rotor may be aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Abstract: The refrigerator includes: a cooling-water line having a cooling-water pump to thereby send water for cooling a refrigerant inside of a condenser; a lubricating-water supply line connecting the part downstream from the cooling-water pump on the cooling-water line and a compressor 4 and supplying water flowing through the cooling-water line as a lubricant to the compressor 4; and a backup portion supplying water to the lubricating-water supply line instead of supplying water from the cooling-water line when the cooling-water pump is not driven.

Abstract: An axial flow compressor includes: an electric motor including a rotating shaft; a compression portion including a driving shaft connected without a speed-up gear to the rotating shaft of the electric motor and a rotor rotating together with the driving shaft, the compression portion driving the driving shaft and thereby compressing a working fluid; and a velocity reducing portion having a space for reducing the flow velocity of a working fluid discharged from a discharge opening of the compression portion. The rotating shaft of the electric motor is connected to the end of the driving shaft on the side of the discharge opening; and the velocity reducing portion is disposed so as to surround the electric motor.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an oxide superconducting conductor having superior strength and superconductor characteristics, and its production method.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an oxide superconducting conductor having superior strength and superconductor characteristics, and its production method.

Abstract: An oxide superconductor which has high mechanical strength and exhibits favorable magnetic properties and high resistance to environment. Further, a method of manufacturing this oxide superconductor, namely, a method of manufacturing a RE--Ba--Cu--O oxide superconductor (RE is one or more kinds of rare earth elements including Y) by performing a treatment, which includes at least a burning process to be performed in a range of temperatures that are higher than the melting point of a raw material mixture containing a RE-compound raw material, a Ba-compound raw material and a Cu-compound raw material, on the aforesaid raw material mixture. This method further comprises the addition step of adding 1 to 30 in percent by weight (wt %) of Ag to the raw material mixture, and the crystallization step of melting the raw material mixture, to which Ag is added, at a temperature that is not lower than a temperature at which the raw material mixture is decomposed and fused into the RE.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.

Abstract: A process for treating effluent from a flue-gas desulfurization system wherein the resulting gypsum is removed, comprises filtering the gypsum and fly ash free effluent by a filter, transferring the filtrate to an electrodialyzer wherein cation-exchange membranes and univalent anion-exchange membranes are alternately set up, concentrating chlorine ions in the solution therein by dialysis, further concentrating the solution by evaporation in an evaporator, kneading the concentrated solution with cement or a mixture of cement and coal ash to a solid matter with no harm, and thereafter abandoning for landfill; and an apparatus for treating effluent from a flue-gas desulfurization system, comprising a filter for filtering the effluent to a turbidity low enough for treatment by an electrodialyzer wherein the effluent is to be separated into concentrated and dilute solutions, the electrodialyzer equipped with an alternate arrangement of cation- and anion-exchange membranes, with concentration and dilution compartme

Abstract: Apparatus to float and melt particularly small pieces of high-melting point metal continuously while making the amount of meltable liquid metal greater than the capacity of a crucible. A conductive crucible having segments includes an upper cylindrical crucible portion and a lower closed-end crucible portion. An induction coil is arranged outside the upper crucible portion, whereas an induction coil is arranged below the induction coil. The lower crucible portion is in contact with the upper crucible portion and located on the inside of the induction coil at the initial melting stage. The lower crucible portion is lowered as a columnar metal grows and solidifies between molten metal and the lower crucible portion. A continuous feeder continuously feeds cold material. A molten metal surface thermometer and a molten metal surface level gauge are arranged above the crucible. The operation of the continuous feeder is regulated within a desired range of values of the molten metal surface thermometer.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide clathrate having a lump diameter enough to precipitate on a desired abyssal position of the sea without being drifted by a seawater flow of the abyss can be produced by bringing an aqueous solution into contact with carbon dioxide with the interposition of an interface in a reactor and retaining this contact; adjusting the pressure in the reactor to 13 atm or more, the temperature of the aqueous solution to a level of more than 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C., the temperature of the interface to a level of more than 10.degree. C. to 15.degree. C. and the temperature of a lug inserted into the aqueous solution to a level of more than 0.degree. C. to 5.degree. C.; producing/growing the carbon dioxide clathrate on the lug; and then heating the lug to a temperature of more than 10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. to separate/drop the carbon dioxide clathrate therefrom.