Abstract: A clearing system comprising: a database for storing a plurality of accounts; and a risk manager for carrying out a risk assessment for a group of accounts comprising one or more accounts of said plurality of accounts; said risk manager being configured to update a risk assessment for a group of accounts each time the clearing system receives information about a new event affecting at least one account of said group of accounts. The event may be a new trade. The trade may be reported to the clearing system as soon as it has been settled.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus in a computer for automatically testing computer programs involve opening a predefined graphical user interface (GUI) on a screen of the computer; loading a set of program script instructions from a script database in communication with the computer that is associated with the predefined GUI; reading a loaded set of program script instructions; retrieving, based on the loaded set, data and at least one image object corresponding to the predefined GUI from a data and image object database in communication with the computer; taking a screenshot of the predefined GUI that includes at least one image object of the predefined GUI; determining whether an image object in the screen shot matches an image object retrieved from the data and object image database; and if a target position on the screen of the matching image object based on data retrieved from the data and image object database, and activating a control function adapted to control the predefined GUI based on the loaded set of progra

Abstract: A method and an electronic trading system is disclosed for processing orders in a series of intervals. Receiving means of the electronic trading system receives orders in electronic messages via a communications network during a series of intervals, and processing means of the electronic trading system processing each order after the end of an interval during which the order was received. The length of the intervals of the series of intervals is selected by the processing means to vary between consecutive intervals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus in a computer for automatically testing computer programs involve opening a predefined graphical user interface (GUI) on a screen of the computer; loading a set of program script instructions from a script database in communication with the computer that is associated with the predefined GUI; reading a loaded set of program script instructions; retrieving, based on the loaded set, data and at least one image object corresponding to the predefined GUI from a data and image object database in communication with the computer; taking a screenshot of the predefined GUI that includes at least one image object of the predefined GUI; determining whether an image object in the screen shot matches an image object retrieved from the data and object image database; and if a target position on the screen of the matching image object based on data retrieved from the data and image object database, and activating a control function adapted to control the predefined GUI based on the loaded set of progra

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a trading system for consolidating messages in intermediate server layers. It is operated in at least one of a data- and telecommunication network. Message distribution is introduced by collecting and distributing them through hold-back time frames, thereby, eliminating transactional overhead and achieving a substantial gain in message throughput time in the trading system.

Abstract: In an auction order display, the market is displayed on a screen where bids and offers are displayed along two lines. The corresponding bid and offer prices are, for example, in two columns, with the offer and bid columns displayed side by side, and the corresponding bid and offer prices aligned. In that way, a trader can instantly get a view of the current market, and decisions can be made more quickly.

Abstract: A computer system includes a server that is connected to a database. The server receives incoming messages from one or mere of client devices and stores the incoming messages in a flat file. The incoming messages include instructions for updating the database. The server updates the database by performing update operations according to the received instructions, and compares a commit interval duration to a predetermined threshold. Based on results of the comparison, the server selectively issues a database commit command to make all database updates performed since a last database commit operation a permanent part of the database.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a system, computer readable mediums and computer program products for recovering an application state of an electronic trading system including a first server and a second server after a fail of both of the servers, wherein the first server functions as a primary server for receiving incoming messages of the system and the second server as a secondary server during operation of the system, wherein each incoming message is processed in both servers. The method comprises the steps of: initiating a recovery procedure after a fail of both servers by restarting the first server and the second server; identifying the last message of respective server; and selecting a server as the primary server on basis of the latest messages.

Abstract: In a method and a system for executing automated matching of financial instruments, an order book of the automated trading system in which orders are placed is interconnected with a position-keeping system or module. This is done in a way such that a controlling unit connected to both the order book and the position-keeping system can cancel orders in the order book, if, when an order is traded, insufficient collateral remains for any remaining order in the order book to be covered if traded. The methods and systems can advantageously be used in automated trading systems having a central counterpart.

Abstract: The invention relates to an authentication protocol for increasing safety against a man-in-the-middle (MITM) access attack for point-to-point communication (10), between client computer (12) and server (14), to services. The server (14) responds with an N byte nonce value and the client computer (12) utilizes a hash algorithm to compute a hash value of the parameters clients' password, client computer unique IP address, server IP address, and the nonce value. The hash value is transmitted through the client computer (12) as an authenticator for accessing the services, whereby the server (14) reproduces the authenticator by utilizing the same hash algorithm and parameters. A compare between the reproduction and the transmitted authenticator is accomplished. If they match, the grant of an access to the server (14) and services is authorized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a protocol, computer readable mediums and computer program products for establishing backward compatibility and forward compatibility of protocols used for communication between subsystems of an electronic trading system (10) having different software versions. The inventive method comprises the steps of: including a header containing generic packaging information including a table of protocol mismatch in each message for internal communication between the subsystems; and including content of each version in a separate sub-packet of the message, thereby allowing a receiving subsystem to unpack up to a certain version of the subsystem.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a system, computer readable mediums and computer program products for preventing overload of a network server (16a) of an electronic trading system (10). The inventive method comprises the steps of: monitoring (30) a resource utilization of the server (16a) by means of a number of parameters indicating the resource utilization; determining (32) whether the resources are over-utilized; and if it is determined that the resources are over-utilized, introducing (34) a throttling of the incoming transaction flow by delaying the incoming transactions a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a system, computer readable mediums and computer program products for recovering an application state of an electronic trading system including a first server and a second server after a fail of both of the servers, wherein the first server functions as a primary server for receiving incoming messages of the system and the second server as a secondary server during operation of the system, wherein each incoming message is processed in both servers. The method comprises the steps of: initiating a recovery procedure after a fail of both servers by restarting the first server and the second server; identifying the last message of respective server; and selecting a server as the primary server on basis of the latest messages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, a system, a computer apparatus, computer readable mediums and computer program products for electronic trading systems. The method comprises the steps of: receiving a transaction message including data of a first type at a receiving gateway; obtaining route information comprising instructions regarding at least one algorithm component to be used for processing the message of a plurality of algorithm components; calling the at least one algorithm component included in the route information; processing the message in the at least one component in order to output data of a defined output type of the component.