Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids and alkyne alcohol esters of alkynecarboxylic acids, includes an oxidation reaction of an alkyne alcohol with from 1 to 10 molar equivalents of a hypohalite based on the number of functional groups to be oxidized in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of less than 7. There is also a partial oxidation reaction of the alkyne alcohol with from 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents of a hypohalite based on the number of functional groups to be oxidized in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of less than 7.

Abstract: A process for preparing organozinc halides in solvents, includes reacting a reactive halogen compound with zinc in one or more carboxylic esters. It is also possible to prepare keto, hydroxyl and amino compounds of organozinc halides obtained in a first step from a reactive halogen compound and zinc in one or more carboxylic esters, wherein the organozinc halide obtained is reacted in a second step with an electrophilic reaction partner and the reaction product of the second step is hydrolyzed in a third step.

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing alkylamines comprises reacting continuous streams of ammonia and alkyl halide in a molar ratio of at least 10:1 in a pressure reactor. The ultimate reaction mixture has a temperature of >80° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing organozinc halides in solvents, includes reacting a reactive halogen compound with zinc in one or more carboxylic esters. It is also possible to prepare keto, hydroxyl and amino compounds of organozinc halides obtained in a first step from a reactive halogen compound and zinc in one or more carboxylic esters, wherein the organozinc halide obtained is reacted in a second step with an electrophilic reaction partner and the reaction product of the second step is hydrolyzed in a third step.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from one to four carbon atoms by gas-phase oxidation, includes reacting 2-butanone with oxygen over a coated catalyst which is an inert nonporous support body and a catalytically active mixed oxide composition comprising (a) one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide and aluminum oxide, and (b) from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the component (a) and per m2/g of specific surface area of the component (a), of vanadium pentoxide, applied to the external surface of the support body.

Abstract: Process is provided for preparing a non-proteinogenic L-amino acid by means of an enzymic biotransformation in which O-acetyl-L-serine is reacted with a nucleophilic compound, while using an O-Acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase as catalyst, to give a non-proteinogenic L-amino acid. The process is carried out at a pH in the range between pH 5.0 and 7.4.

Abstract: Silanes of the formula

Abstract: A process for precipitating cystine from a solution in sulfuric acid, includes forming a mixture of a solution of cystine in aqueous sulfuric acid and of an aqueous solution of a base by simultaneous metering the cystine solution and the aqueous base solution into a mixing container. The metering takes place in such a way that the mixture in the container has a pH between 1.0 and 7.0 and a temperature between 30° C. and the boiling point of the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an amino-functional organosiloxane of the formula III, (SiO{fraction (4/2)})k(R1SiO{fraction (3/2)})m(R12SiO{fraction (2/2)})p(R13SiO½)q[O½SiR12—R—NH2]s[O½H]t  (III) which comprises reacting an organosiloxane of the formula IV (SiO{fraction (4/2)})k(R1SiO{fraction (3/2)})m(R12SiO{fraction (2/2)})p(R13SiO½)q[O½H]r  (IV) with a cyclic silazane of the formula V where R, Rx, R1, s, t, r, k, m, p and q are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A process for obtaining hirudin derivatives from E. coli secretor mutants which entails: (1) construction of a recombinant vector on which there is located the gene coding for a hirudin derivative directly downstream of a DNA section which codes for a bacterial signal peptide; (2) of an E. coli secretor mutant with the recombinant vector constructed in step (1); (3) cultivation of the transformed cells in a medium; and (4) obtaining the hirudin derivative from the medium; and a recombinant vector which contains one or more copies of a gene construct which codes for a protein consisting of a bacterial signal peptide and of a hirudin derivative, and a hirudin derivative with the N-terminal amino-acid sequence A—(SEQ ID NO: 5) in which A represents Ala, Gln, His, Phe, Tyr, Glu, Ser, Asp or Asn.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carbonyl compound of the general formula (1) R1R2C═O  (1), in which a &bgr;-hydroxycarboxylic acid or its salt of the general formula (2) R1R2C(OH)—CR3R4—COOM  (2) is cleaved in the presence of a Brönstedt base which is selected from hydroxides, alkanolates, oxides, amides and hydrides of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and in the presence of a hydroxyl-free solvent, R1, R2, R3, R4 and M having the meanings from claim 1.

Abstract: Process is provided for preparing a non-proteinogenic L-amino acid by means of an enzymic biotransformation in which O-acetyl-L-serine is reacted with a nucleophilic compound, while using an O-Acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase as catalyst, to give a non-proteinogenic L-amino acid. The process is carried out at a pH in the range between pH 5.0 and 7.4.

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms at a reaction temperature of from 100° C. to 400° C. and pressures of from 1.2×105 Pa to 51×105 Pa by gas phase oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated C4-hydrocarbons, with an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor in the presence of at least one catalyst. The gas leaving the reactor is partly recirculated in a reaction gas circuit. This reaction gas circuit is configured such that part of the organic acids formed in the gas-phase oxidation is taken from the gas leaving the reactor so that the acid content of the recirculated part of the gas leaving the reactor is from 0.01% to 6.0% by volume.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds (P) containing &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid radicals, of the general formula (1) —A—O—C(O)—CR═CH2   (1), are prepared by a process in which, in a first step, organosilicon compounds (H) containing hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon are reacted with olefinically unsaturated compounds (U) containing a terminal double or triple bond, of the general formula (2) &OHgr;—O—C(O)—CRH—CH2—Z  (2), in the presence of metals or compounds from the platinum group as catalyst, to give organosilicon compounds (E) containing radicals of the general formula (3) —A—O—C(O)—CRH—CH2—Z  (3), and, in a second step, H—Z compounds are eliminated from organosilicon compounds (E), where A is a divalent organic radical, &OHgr; is a monovalent organic radical containing a terminal double or triple bond, R is an H atom or a methyl radical, and Z is Cl, I, Br or

Abstract: CGTases, which, when converting starch or starch-like substrates to CD, produce &ggr;-CD to an increased extent and still exhibit at least 60% of the specific total CGTase activity of the starting CGTase which was used for preparing the enzyme concerned. The amino acid sequences differ from the amino acid sequences of known CGTases by the deletion of from 3 to 8 amino acids from the region from amino acid position 155 up to and including amino acid position 195, where position 1 of the protein sequence is the beginning of the signal peptide of the CGTase and the deletion brings about the increase in the &ggr;-CGTase activity of the protein.

Abstract: A process is provided for the fermentative preparation of O-acetyl-L-serine. A microorganism strain, which is derived from a wild type and which exhibits an increased endogenous formation of O-acetyl-L-serine and an increased efflux of O-acetyl-L-serine as compared with the wild type, is cultured in a fermentation medium. A pH in the range from 5.1 to 6.5 is set in the fermentation medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-step process for the preparation of acryloyl group-containing liquid-crystalline monomers of the general formula (1) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(—O—A1-acrylate)n  (1) in which mesogenic alcohols of the general formula (2) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(OH)n  (2) are reacted with esters of 3-chloropropionic acid of the general formula (3) ClPr—A1—X  (3) with elimination of HCl, where acrylate is an acrylate radical, ClPr is a 3-chloropropionate radical, A1 are identical or different alkyl chain spacers having 2-20 carbon atoms, in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by non-adjacent ether, thioether, or imino groups, A2 are radicals A1 or single chemical bonds, M is a mesogenic group, X is a leaving group, Z are alkyl radicals or crosslinkable groups, Y1 and Y2, independently of one another, are a single chemical bond, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —CO

Abstract: A process for preparing saturated carboxylic acids having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms at a reaction temperature of from 100° C. to 400° C. and pressures of from 1.2×105 Pa to 51×105 Pa by gas phase oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated C4-hydrocarbons, with an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor in the presence of at least one catalyst. The gas leaving the reactor is partly recirculated in a reaction gas circuit. This reaction gas circuit is configured such that part of the organic acids formed in the gas-phase oxidation is taken from the gas leaving the reactor so that the acid content of the recirculated part of the gas leaving the reactor is from 0.01% to 6.0% by volume.

Abstract: A mixture of crosslinkable liquid-crystalline substances having a chiral phase (LC mixture), containing polymerizable groups, where at least 90% of the polymerizable groups are part of molecules containing at least two polymerizable groups (crosslinker molecules), wherein from 3.2 to 15 mmol of polymerizable groups are present per g of LC mixture. The crosslinked pigments show little color shift in the presence of solvents or upon application to substrate different temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing platelets, wherein a material to be processed into platelets is applied in a flowable or gaseous state to a substrate, consolidated, removed from the substrate, and subjected to a crushing or grinding process, wherein the material is applied to the substrate in succeeding layers such that after application, a lamina pack is present which, in cross section perpendicular to its surface, has individual laminae of a thickness of between 0.2-1000 &mgr;m, and said lamina pack, having been stripped from the substrate, is treated in such a way that the material disintegrates into individual laminae and the individual laminae are reduced in size to a particle size of 0.5-10 000 &mgr;m.