Abstract: A fluid injector for injecting fluid includes a body with a fluid passageway extending from an inlet to an outlet of the fluid injector; a valve seat; a valve element that is selectively engages with the valve seat; and a disc member disposed in the fluid passageway downstream of the valve seat. The disc member includes a plurality of channels defined along a first surface of the disc member, and a plurality of orifices defined through the disc, with each disc member being fluidly coupled to a plurality of channels. The channels fluidly coupled to each channel are in offset relation to each other at the orifice such that fluid flowing through the orifice forms a swirl pattern when exiting the orifice.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction solution having urea, water and gas bubbles contained within the solution. In particular, the solution has a urea content that is present in an amount greater than 31% (m/m) mass fraction of material and gas bubbles in the solution in an amount between about 7% to about 9% of the volume of solution when the solution is at a pressure of about 1 bar absolute. When the selective catalytic reduction solution is pressurized to a range between 6 bar and 7.5 bar, the gas bubbles are in a range between about 1.33% to about 1.07% of the solution when the solution is pressurized. The presence of the gas bubbles provides an expansion volume for the urea solution, if the urea solution begins freezing due to cold temperatures.

Abstract: A high side output driver includes a controller capable of operating the high side output driver in a charging mode by outputting a pulse width modulated voltage signal. The on time of the pulse width modulated voltage signal is less than a minimum value of a blank time range of the high side output driver.

Abstract: A fuel injector has a seat and at least one seat passage. The seat includes an outer tip surface through which the seat passage extends. Fin structure is provided in the outer tip surface and is constructed and arranged to increase a surface area of the outer tip surface as compared to a surface area of the outer tip surface absent the fin structure. The outer tip surface, including the fin structure, is constructed and arranged to be heated by combustion gases so that the outer tip surface reaches a temperature greater than a temperature that the outer tip surface would reach absent the fin structure, so as to cause evaporation of fuel that contacts the outer tip surface.

Abstract: An injector which incorporates the use of an insert to compensate for the change in volume of diesel exhaust fluid as the diesel exhaust fluid freezes, reducing or eliminating the effects on the calibration of the injector. The calibration freeze protection insert is located adjacent a calibration sleeve in the injector, where the insert is welded to an inlet tube. Any axial forces applied to the calibration sleeve from the blocking force of the freezing diesel exhaust fluid are transmitted to the insert, and the position of the insert is maintained by the welds. The insert and the calibration sleeve are configured to only allow small amounts of diesel exhaust fluid to migrate around the injector components, which is able to be compensated for by the elastic modulus of the various injector components.