Abstract: A method for extruding and/or refining soap, which comprises supplying soap to one end of a helix disposed in a casing and rotating the helix to move the soap lengthwise along the casing and out of the casing. The helix rotates at a speed between 20 and 50 rpm. The length of the helix is 5 to 15 times its diameter. The winding angle of the helix is between 15.degree. and 25.degree.. The helix has a diameter of about 150 mm and a helix depth between 30 and 35 mm.

Abstract: Screw feeder or Archimedian screw for pasty materials, such as soap, wherein the winding angle of the screw ranges between 15.degree. and 25.degree., and the screw height, diameter and thrust length depend on the section of bar extrusion and/or free passage area of the refining holes.

Abstract: In a feed line of articles arranged one after the other on a movable conveyor belt or the like so as to make up a continuous row, the articles being under the control of a longitudinal guide device, a stop member is provided for blocking this row of articles at the cavity of the molding box into which one article is to be introduced by a pusher. A drawing member is provided for another article in the row, the drawing member being reciprocated in a direction at right angles to the row of articles, so as to form a second row guided by second guide devices. A second stop member is provided for the second row, and a second pusher is provided for introducing the individual articles of the second row into a second cavity of the molding box in which such articles are received.

Abstract: Liquid and gaseous chemical reactants are admixed and reacted in a plurality of elongated reaction tubes, for example in the course of sulfonating and sulfating liquid organic compounds with sulfur trioxide gas. To keep the pressure uniform among the plural tubes, a minor proportion of inert gas is introduced into an annular space in which is also introduced the liquid reactant, this annular space surrounding the gaseous reactant introduction space at the mouth of each reaction tube. The inert pressure equalizing gas is fed to all the reaction tubes from a common chamber with which all the tubes communicate.

Abstract: A continuous method for sulphonating and sulphating liquid organic compounds with gaseous sulphur trioxide diluted with inert gas in a plurality of externally cooled, parallel reaction tubes with downward flow communicating at the injection nozzles of the liquid and gas reactants with a single chamber under uniform pressure, from which an additional inert gas flows into the several reaction tubes so as to equalize the pressures downstream of all of said injection nozzles in order to provide for a uniform distribution of the reactants to said reaction tubes, as seen in FIGS. 1-5.This method is applied to all the organic compounds susceptible to said reactions.