Abstract: A process extracts and reclaims the components of an asphalt-based material having as constituents at least asphalt and one or more solid materials. A solvent for asphalt dissolves the asphalt constituent to form a slurry of asphalt-solvent liquid and the solid materials. The liquid and the solids in the slurry are then separated. The liquid is separated into solvent and asphalt. The solids, when of more than one type, are separated into at least one pure constituent solid. In a preferred embodiment, the process runs in a continuous mode with the various materials flowing as streams into spaces where steps of the process operate. The process can be used for both worn roofing shingles and for asphalt paving.

Abstract: An improved desolventizer toaster. The invention includes a housing. Within the housing, a first set of trays and a second set of trays are mounted. The first trays and second trays are disposed such that they are generally vertically spaced from one another and in a generally parallel disposition with respect to each other. Means for mixing vapors are provided, and they are positioned in a vapor mixing zone which is intermediate the first set of trays and second set of trays.

Abstract: In one version of this invention, a gear box has mounting means such as a pair of facing walls for mounting the bearings for the axles carrying the gears. Each mounting means supports its bearing with a different stiffness to compensate for different loads imposed by gears that are closer to one of the bearings supporting the axle than the other. The different stiffness of each bearing mounting equalizes load-induced shifts of the position of the bearings holding the axle. Such a mounting equalizes such shifts, allowing the axles to remain substantially parallel and the gears in alignment. Aligned gears better maintain line contact between individual gear teeth, thereby reducing wear and breakage of the teeth.

Abstract: A process extracts and reclaims the components of an asphalt-based material having as constituents at least asphalt and one or more solid materials. A solvent for asphalt dissolves the asphalt constituent to form a slurry of asphalt-solvent liquid and the solid materials. The liquid and the solids in the slurry are then separated. The liquid is separated into solvent and asphalt. The solids, when of more than one type, are separated into at least one pure constituent solid. In a preferred embodiment, the process runs in a continuous mode with the various materials flowing as streams into spaces where steps of the process operate. The process can be used for both worn roofing shingles and for asphalt paving.

Abstract: A method for fractionating whole kernel corn into bran, germ and endosperm fractions. Corn (tempered or non-tempered) is processed through an impact mill and through a screener to divide the initial feed stream into two or more flows or substreams. The substreams or portions thereof may be further processed through a plurality of aspirators, roller mills and screeners to provide bran, germ and endosperm fractions of desired purity levels.

Abstract: Biomass extracts with high protein and nutritional value and methods for making the same are disclosed. Such extracts may include cakes with low residual oil and high levels of desirable constituents and oils that require little to no downstream processing upon extraction from the biomass. Also includes methods of extracting desirable products from an oil bearing biomass.

Abstract: A process for preparing a starch-containing biomass particle stream having a significant percentage of fiber for processing into ethanol comprises the first step of: mixing the particle stream with a liquid solvent to dissolve at least a portion of the starch in the carbohydrate particle stream to form a carbohydrate slurry stream containing starch dissolved in the liquid solvent. This first step removes a portion of the fiber from the carbohydrate slurry stream. In a second step, the carbohydrate slurry stream is held in a settling tank to remove a further portion of the fiber. An enhancement to the process is suitable for use with shell corn or other biomass having an oil-containing germ portion and a non-germ portion comprising mainly carbohydrates and fiber. This enhancement includes the step of grinding the corn to particles of a size suitable for separating the germ particles from the non-germ particles. The germ particles are processed first to remove the oil and then to remove the carbohydrates.

Abstract: Biomass extracts with high protein and nutritional value and methods for making the same are disclosed. Such extracts may include cakes with low residual oil and high levels of desirable constituents and oils that require little to no downstream processing upon extraction from the biomass. Also includes methods of extracting desirable products from an oil bearing biomass.

Abstract: A method for fractionating whole kernel corn into bran, germ and endosperm fractions. Corn (tempered or non-tempered) is processed through an impact mill and through a screener to divide the initial feed stream into two or more flows or substreams. The substreams or portions thereof may be further processed through a plurality of aspirators, roller mills and screeners to provide bran, germ and endosperm fractions of desired purity levels.

Abstract: An improved biodiesel production process includes the steps of processing a feedstock to produce biodiesel, cooling the biodiesel so as to form sediment, and filtering the biodiesel to remove the sediment. The resulting biodiesel from the cold filtration process avoids problems of sediment formation during storage and transportation.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger has at least one baffle to support the tubes within the casing of the heat exchanger, wherein the baffle intersects the inner casing wall along a substantial portion of the arc. The baffle has a bypass through which flows at least a portion of the fluid flowing into the casing and around the baffle. At least a portion of the bypass is outside of the casing. This flow of fluid through the bypass reduces pressure drop through the heat exchanger and also reduces to some extent, points adjacent to the baffles where fluid flow may stagnate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for the recovery of salt from a glycerine process, allowing the salt to be used in a brine solution. A salt settling tank is positioned inline between the foots from a crude still bottom and a foot still. Salt settles to the bottom of the settling tank and into a salt receiver positioned below, while clarified liquid overflows to the foot still. Salt from the salt receiver is then semi-continuously transferred into a salt extractor where the salt is removed from the mother liquor. A condensate is then circulated into the salt extractor and the salt slurry is then stored in a brine storage tank.

Abstract: A pre-condenser is provided for condensation of water at sub-zero degree Celsius temperatures. A brine solution is cooled below 0 degrees Celsius and delivered to the pre-condenser. The brine solution contacts the vapors and gases from a scrubber, thereby condensing the vapors without allowing ice formation. A vacuum system connected to the pre-condenser removes the remaining gases from a top portion of the pre-condenser while the brine solution and condensed vapors are removed and recycled through a bottom portion of the pre-condenser.

Abstract: A desolventizing system for removing solvent from a quantity of solvent-laden particles such as flakes comprises first and second desolventizer units, each having an inlet port for receiving solvent-laden particles, an outlet port for discharging at least partially desolventized particles, and a solvent vapor port. A solvent trap is connected between the outlet port of the first desolventizer through a first airlock, and to the inlet port of the second desolventizer unit. Particles entering the solvent trap through the first airlock are conveyed to the inlet port of the second desolventizer. The second desolventizer unit has an airlock connected to the outlet port of the second desolventizer unit.

Abstract: A backflow blocker prevents backflow of gas to a lower pressure first stage of a system for processing particles from a downstream higher pressure second stage of the system. The blocker comprises an upright duct connecting the first stage to the second stage. The duct is at least partly filled with a column of particles passing from the first stage to the second stage. By properly selecting the duct dimensions and by controlling the flow rate of particles into and from the duct, the velocity of downwardly moving particles in the duct can be made to exceed the velocity at which the gasses flow through the particles in the duct. This prevents gasses from flowing from the lower pressure downstream stage to the higher pressure upstream stage.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for desolventizing particulate material having a solvent carried thereby wherein an upper indirect heating zone and a lower direct heating zone is provided. Each of the zones has a plurality of spaced apart horizontal trays for receiving particulate material. The trays define a vertical series of compartments through which the particulate material passes. Steam is provided to the particulate material indirectly in said indirect heating zone and directly in said direct heating zone are also included. An integral air tight flash chamber below the compartments enhances solvent recovery via vaporization of residual solvent from the condensed steam adhered to the particulate material traveling through the direct heating zone prior to discharge of the particulate material. The recovered residual solvent is delivered under pressure to a predetermined compartment in the direct heating zone provide heat for desolventizing the solvent-laden particulate material.

Abstract: A system for removing from a particle mass a liquid permeating the particle mass includes a vaporizing stage having a space wherein the pressure is less than the pressure of the particle mass. As the particle mass enters the vaporizing stage, the lower pressure causes much of the liquid to vaporize. Once vaporized, the vapor can be removed with a pump. A first stripping stage receives the particle mass from the first stage at a first particle inlet port and discharges the particle mass at a first particle outlet port. A first stripping gas inlet near the first particle outlet port of the first stripping stage injects an inert stripping gas into the particle mass. The inert gas mixes with remaining elements of the liquid and any entrained gas formed by the liquid, and the mixture is discharged at a gas outlet near the first particle outlet port. A second stripping stage having construction and operation different from the first stripping stage may receive the particle mass.

Abstract: A desolventizing system for removing solvent from a quantity of solvent-laden particles such as flakes comprises first and second desolventizer units, each having an inlet port for receiving solvent-laden particles, an outlet port for discharging at least partially desolventized particles, and a solvent vapor port. A solvent trap is connected between the outlet port of the first desolventizer through a first airlock, and to the inlet port of the second desolventizer unit. Particles entering the solvent trap through the first airlock are conveyed to the inlet port of the second desolventizer. The second desolventizer unit has an airlock connected to the outlet port of the second desolventizer unit.

Abstract: A process for removing residual amounts of a first solvent from a granular material. The process includes the selection of a second solvent which has an ambient pressure boiling point lower than that of the first solvent in mixing the second solvent with the granular material and first solvent. Most of the liquid solvent mixture is removed from the granular material using a simple solid/liquid extraction process. The remaining solvent mixture, which primarily is the second solvent, is removed from the granular material using a thermal and/or vacuum process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for desolventizing particulate material having a solvent carried thereby wherein an upper indirect heating zone and a lower direct heating zone is provided. Each of the zones has a plurality of spaced apart horizontal trays for receiving particulate material. The trays define a vertical series of compartments through which the particulate material passes. Steam is provided to the particulate material indirectly in said indirect heating zone and directly in said direct heating zone are also included. An integral air tight flash chamber below the compartments enhances solvent recovery via vaporization of residual solvent from the condensed steam adhered to the particulate material traveling through the direct heating zone prior to discharge of the particulate material. The recovered residual solvent is delivered under pressure to a predetermined compartment in the direct heating zone provide heat for desolventizing the solvent-laden particulate material.