Abstract: A powder metallurgy cold-work tool steel article of hot isostatic compacted nitrogen atomized, prealloyed powder. The alloy of the article includes the addition of niobium, which combined with the use of gas atomization, results in a fine carbide size distribution. This in turn results in improved bend fracture strength and impact toughness. In addition, as a result of isostatic compaction of nitrogen gas atomized prealloyed powder a fine distribution of carbides results to obtain a microstructure that achieves both improved toughness and wear resistance.

Abstract: A clad article of a substrate of one powdered metal that is clad with a second dissimilar powdered metal. A separation layer may be provided between the substrate and the clad layer to separate these layers during consolidation and to facilitate bonding thereof. The consolidation operation may be performed by hot isostatic pressing of the powders within a deformable container.

Abstract: A method for operating a gas pressure vessel for use in hot isostatic pressing operations. This method includes heating and gas pressurizing an interior chamber of the vessel and thereafter simultaneously removing hot gas from this interior chamber and introducing cold gas to this interior chamber.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy produced high-speed steel article having a combination of high hardness and wear resistance, particularly at elevated temperatures. This combination of properties is achieved by the combination of W, Mo, V, and Co. The article is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of gear cutting tools, such as hobs, and surface coatings.

Abstract: A hot-worked, fully dense, wear resistant, vanadium-rich, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article having improved impact toughness. This is achieved by controlling the amount, composition and size of the primary carbides and by insuring that substantially all the primary carbides remaining after hardening and tempering are MC-type vanadium-rich carbides. The article is produced by hot isostatic compacting of nitrogen atomized powder particles.

Abstract: A method for producing compacted, fully dense articles from atomized tool steel alloy particles by placing the particles in an evacuated, deformable container, and isostatically pressing the particles at an elevated temperature to produce a precompact having an intermediate density. The precompact is heated to a temperature above the elevated temperature used to produce the precompact. The precompact is isostatically pressed to produce the fully-dense article.

Abstract: A high vanadium, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article and method for production. The nickel, chromium, vanadium, and carbon plus nitrogen contents of the steel are controlled during production to achieve a desired combination of corrosion resistance, metal to metal wear resistance, and hardenability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for loading tool steel and high speed steel powder to a deformable mold for compacting is disclosed. The particles are exposed to a uniform vacuum during transfer from a sealed container through a sealed conduit and into a sealed deformable mold. By this method and apparatus, the particles are uniform throughout the container and substantially free of impurities, without requiring conventional outgassing.

Abstract: A high vanadium, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article and method for production. The nickel, chromium, vanadium, and carbon plus nitrogen contents of the steel are controlled during production to achieve a desired combination of corrosion resistance, metal to metal wear resistance, and hardenability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for loading tool steel and high speed steel powder to a deformable mold for compacting is disclosed. The particles are exposed to a uniform vacuum during transfer from a sealed container through a sealed conduit and into a sealed deformable mold. By this method and apparatus, the particles are uniform throughout the container and substantially free of impurities, without requiring conventional outgassing.

Abstract: A consolidated, fully dense, high yield strength, austenitic stainless steel and article produced therefrom having improved pitting resistance and a low sigma solvus temperature. The article is produced from nitrogen gas atomized prealloyed particles. The steel and article have a high nitrogen content for increased strength and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A hot-worked, fully dense, wear resistant, vanadium-rich, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article having improved impact toughness. This is achieved by controlling the amount, composition and size of the primary carbides and by insuring that substantially all the primary carbides remaining after hardening and tempering are MC-type vanadium-rich carbides. The article is produced by hot isostatic compacting of nitrogen atomized powder particles.

Abstract: A high vanadium, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel article and method for production. The chromium, vanadium, and carbon plus nitrogen contents of the steel are controlled during production to achieve a desired combination of corrosion resistance and metal to metal wear resistance.

Abstract: A system for managing payroll data and human resource data for employees. The payroll data includes an employee-type and a plurality of payroll codes, and the human resource data includes an employee-identifier for each of the employees, a salary for each employee, and a plurality of HR codes. The system stores the payroll data and the human resource data receives user input including a pay period, selects human resource data for certain employees based upon predetermined criteria, stores the selected human resource data in in-progress tables, and generates a payroll by matching the employee-type for each employee with the employee-identifier and using the pay period and the salary for each employee.

Abstract: A permanent magnet alloy and method for production thereof. The permanent magnet alloy has a rare earth element including Nd, B, Fe, C, and oxygen, with additions of Co and at least one of Cu, Ga and Ag. The alloy may be produced by contacting particles thereof with carbon- and oxygen-containing material to achieve desired carbon and oxygen contents.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy-produced, essentially titanium-free, nickel-containing maraging steel article such as for use in the manufacture of die casting die components and other hot work tooling components. The article preferably contains an intentional addition of niobium. The article may be produced as a hot-isostatically-compacted, solution annealed, fully dense mass of prealloyed particles, or alternately, as a hot-isostatically-compacted, plastically deformed and solution annealed, fully dense mass of prealloyed particles.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy produced tool steel article of a hot worked, fully dense, consolidated mass of prealloyed particles of a tool steel alloy having a sulfur content within the range of 0.10 to 0.30 weight percent and a maximum sulfide size below about 15 microns.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy-produced, essentially titanium-free, nickel-containing maraging steel article such as for use in the manufacture of die casting die components and other hot work tooling components. The article preferably contains an intentional addition of niobium. The article may be produced as a hot-isostatically-compacted, solution annealed, fully dense mass of prealloyed particles, or alternately, as a hot-isostatically-compacted, plastically deformed and solution annealed, fully dense mass of prealloyed particles.

Abstract: A permanent magnet alloy and method for production thereof. The permanent magnet alloy has a rare earth element including Nd, B, Fe, C, and oxygen, with additions of Co and at least one of Cu, Ga and Ag. The alloy may be produced by contacting particles thereof with carbon- and oxygen-containing material to achieve desired carbon and oxygen contents.

Abstract: A martensitic hot work tool steel die block for use in the manufacture of die casting die components and other hot work tooling components and a method for manufacturing the same. The article has a hardness within the range of 35 to 50 HRC and a minimum transverse Charpy V-notch impact toughness of 5 foot pounds when heat treated to a hardness of 44 to 46 HRC and when tested at both 72.degree. F. and 600.degree. F. The article is a hot worked, heat treated and fully dense consolidated mass of prealloyed particles of the composition, in weight percent, 0.32 to 0.45 carbon, 0.20 to 2.00 manganese, 0.05 to 0.30 sulfur, up to 0.03 phosphorous, 0.80 to 1.20 silicon, 4.75 to 5.70 chromium, 1.10 to 1.75 molybdenum, 0.80 to 1.20 vanadium, and balance iron. The alloy may be any conventional wrought AISI hot work tool steel or wrought maraging or precipitation-hardening steel having 0.05 to 0.30 percent sulfur, and having sulfide particles which exhibit a maximum size of 50 microns in their longest dimension.