Abstract: When azo type and/or azoxy type compounds having specific structures are incorporated into a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical device in which a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition is filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: When a 4,4'-substituted benzylideneaniline compound having specific substituents is compounded in a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical element comprising a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: Nematic liquid crystal compositions having positive dielectric anisotropy are obtained by mixing at least one of p-n-alkylphenyl-p'-cyanobenzoates represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is n-alkyl group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms with at least one of p-cyanophenyl-p'-n-alkylbenzoates represented by the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is n-alkyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Said compositions exhibit nematic liquid crystal phase over a broad temperature range and therefore, are useful for the torsion effect-type display device.

Abstract: An anti-corrosive coating composition having an improved weldability can be obtained by combining water-soluble potassium silicate and/or ammonium silicate as a binder with a mixture of zinc powder with iron phosphide and/or nickel phosphide as an anti-corrosive pigment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell consisting of two planar supports and a spacer interposed between them only on the margin, said supports being fixed at intervals of a limit by the spacer to form an aperture, has at least one opening through which the liquid crystal material is poured into said aperture. The openings are sealed with use of cyanoacrylates or polybutadiene type resins so that the liquid crystal cell can be prevented from lowering of the characteristics caused by incorporating of impurities into the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: When azo type and/or azoxy type compounds having specific structures are incorporated into a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical device in which a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition is filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: When a 4,4'-substituted benzylideneaniline compound having specific substituents is compounded in a nematic liquid crystal material, a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a broad mesomorphic range extending above and below room temperature can be obtained. An electro-optical element comprising a thin layer of this liquid crystal composition filled and supported between two substrates can be used for light modulation and display.

Abstract: In a structure comprising a pair of facing electrode plates and a layer of a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, which is supported between said facing electrode plates, when each of the electrode surfaces coming into contact with the nematic liquid crystal layer is provided with a coating of poly-p-xylylene and/or its substituted product and the surface of said coating is furnished with a predetermined orientation, a liquid crystal device of the torsion effect type having good electro-optical characteristics is provided. When a layer of an epoxy resin or silane coupling agent is formed between the coating of the poly-p-xylylene type resin and the electrode surface, the adhesion of the poly-p-xylylene type resin coating is improved.

Abstract: In an electro-optical element comprising a pair of electrode plates and a layer of nematic liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy positioned between the two plates, at least one of the electrode plates is coated on its inner face with organic high molecular materials. Molecular axes of the liquid crystal are oriented uniformly on the electrode face by rubbing the coated electrode along one direction.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of opposed electrode-mounted plates and a nematic liquid crystal layer, the electrode terminals are mounted on one plate by transferring the connection of one electrode to the opposite plate without directly contacting the liquid crystal material by interposing an electrically conductive material between the corresponding electrode terminal and the one electrode. In accordance with changes of environment, distinct patterns are obtained by making the front electrode of the liquid crystal display element transparent and the back electrode thereof a partial light-transmissive, mirror-like plane. The life of the liquid crystal element under application of D.C. field is increased by using titanium, zirconium and palladium as an essential component of the negative electrode of said element.

Abstract: A flat display system having a display screen consisting of a planar arrangment of a plurality of segments has an isosceles triangular form with an apex angle of 90 degrees, the segments being selectively operated for optical display. The optical display is achieved by electrically, thermally or magnetically changing the optical character of selected segments. The segments can recoverably or reversibly undergo a change of the optical character, and they permit either still display or motion display.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of opposed electrode-mounted plates and a nematic liquid crystal layer, the electrode terminals are mounted on one plate by transferring the connection of one electrode to the opposite plate without directly contacting the liquid crystal material by interposing an electrically conductive material between the corresponding electrode terminal and the one electrode. In accordance with changes of environment, distinct patterns are obtained by making the front electrode of the liquid crystal display element transparent and the back electrode thereof a partial light-transmissive, mirror-like plane. The life of the liquid crystal element under application of D.C. field is increased by using titanium, zirconium and palladium as an essential component of the negative electrode of said element.