Abstract: Substituted cyclohexyl chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein Ra, G, and Rb have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by nociceptin activity or dopamine signaling; treating neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training; and treating peripheral disorders, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, genitourinary, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: Substituted benzoxazole and benzofuran chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein, V, W, X, Y, Z, and m have any of the values described herein and compositions comprising such chemical entities; processes for making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive treatments; and the treatment of one or more disorders, including neurological, cognitive, immunological, and inflammatory disorders, as well as other conditions and diseases involving PDE7 or cyclic nucleotide signaling.

Abstract: Substituted furanopyrimidine chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein Ra has any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by PDE1 activity or dopaminergic signaling; treating neurological disorders, CNS disorders, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, and trauma-dependent losses of function; treating stroke, including cognitive and motor deficits during stroke rehabilitation; facilitating neuroprotection and neurorecovery; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training, including animal skill training protocols; and treating peripheral disorders, including cardiovascular, renal, hematological, gastroenterological, liver, cancer, fertility, and metabolic disorders.

Abstract: Substituted cyclohexyl chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein Ra, G, and Rb have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques; radioactive therapies; modulating and treating disorders mediated by nociceptin activity or dopamine signaling; treating neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and schizophrenia; enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training; and treating peripheral disorders, including renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, genitourinary, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical entity of Formula (I), and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies, detection and imaging techniques, and radioactive treatments; and therapies, including inhibiting PDE4, enhancing neuronal plasticity, treating neurological disorders, providing neuroprotection, treating a cognitive impairment associated with a CNS disorder, enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training, providing neurorecovery and neurorehabilitation, enhancing the efficiency of non-human animal training protocols, and treating peripheral disorders, including inflammatory and renal disorders.

Abstract: A chemical entity of Formula (I), wherein V, W, Y, and Z, have any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities, methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies; detection and imaging techniques, radioactive treatments; modulating and treating disorders mediated by PDE2 activity; treating neurological disorders, CNS disorders, dementia, cognitive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and trauma-dependent losses of function, enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training, including in stroke or TBI rehabilitation; and treating peripheral disorders, including hematological, cardiovascular, gastroenterological, dermatoiogical, inflammatory, and pain disorders.

Abstract: Chemical entities of Formula (I): Including enantiomers thereof, wherein R1 has any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; their preparation; and their use in various methods, including the treatment of depression, pain, cognitive disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and other neurological and peripheral disorders.

Abstract: Chemical entities of Formula (I): Including enantiomers thereof, wherein R1 has any of the values described herein, and compositions comprising such chemical entities; their preparation; and their use in various methods, including the treatment of depression, pain, cognitive disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and other neurological and peripheral disorders.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, devices, networks, and methods for testing of animals, and, in particular, cognitive testing. Testing can include a modular hardware controller configured to include at least two modular interfaces, allowing interconnection of one or more child controller circuit boards. The child controller boards may collectively control an environment within the testing chamber, and receive input from or provide output to a testing chamber of an animal testing enclosure. Features are provided to execute testing protocols and collect results, including those using a script-based domain specific language, as well as to adjust a specific test execution using feedback from the testing system to ensure compliance with testing protocols.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating cognitive deficits associated with mental retardation. The methods comprise combining cognitive training protocols and a general administration of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention includes a compound of formula I: wherein R1, X, Z, n, and m have any of the values described herein, as well as salts of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and therapeutic methods that comprise the administration of such compounds. The compounds are inhibitors of PDE4 function and are useful for improving cognitive function in animals.