Abstract: An anti-scouring device for preventing scouring of the bed of a flowing stream at an upstream or downstream location proximate a dam has a plurality of rows of concrete members, positioned in the direction of flow of the stream, on the bed of the stream. The concrete members have a base and at least one downwardly extending penetrating member which secures the member to the bed. The concrete members may have downwardly extending legs and upwardly extending retention posts and be linked together in the rows by a flexible linkage. Or, the concrete members may have downwardly extending intersecting webs to serve in securing the members to the bed. Methods for forming the anti-scouring device on the bed are also provided.

Abstract: An immersed dam foundation and a dam structure are formed in a body of moving water by forming a plurality of spaced piers having temporary support posts thereon. A current deflector is secured to the upstream support posts and sheet piling walls are driven to form upstream and downstream walls between the piers forming a base therebetween. The base is covered with a tremie seal and the walls cut off so that a prefabricated dam structure can be floated to a location above the tremie seal and lowered onto anchor points on the adjacent piers and secured to the piers and tremie seal. An exposed face of a pier is protected from the currents by barriers that serve as a portion of the next upstream and downstream walls, with gravel covered by precast concrete pads. The access galleries of adjacent prefabricated dam structures are closely aligned and seals provided therebetween.

Abstract: A gas mixer and distributor for a reactor has first and second inlet chambers with the second inlet chamber being interposed between the first inlet chamber and an entrance to a reaction chamber. Walls form tubular or slit-like passageways extending from the first chamber to the entrance of the reaction chamber through the second chamber. Upper portions of the passageways have uniform cross-sections selected to produce gas velocities above the flashback velocity, as well as producing turbulence to completely mix gas passing from the second chamber through orifices in the walls of the passageways. Lower sections of the passageways gradually increase in cross-section to reduce velocity and minimize vortexing and recirculation at the entrance to the reactor chamber.

Abstract: Phosphogypsum is mixed with fine coal, balled, and charged to a travelling grate where the charge is heated under reducing conditions to evolve sulfur and/or sulfur dioxide for conversion into sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A phosphate rock slurry, which may be used in the production of wet process phosphoric acid, is provided by wet grinding the rock with partially neutralized, acid water.In one aspect, wet process phosphoric acid is made by advantageously recycling mineral acid waste water effluent of the process. All or a portion of the effluent can be at least partially neutralized with neutralizing agent, e.g., by contact with the base-forming constituents of phosphate rock or extraneous neutralizing agent, e.g., preferably ammonia, to provide a mixture which is wet ground to produce a processable slurry. In one particularly preferred aspect, all of the acid water is at least partially neutralized with phosphate rock and a portion of this acid water is advantageously further neutralized with an extraneous neutralizing agent. The slurry is provided by such neutralization at a pH compatible with the milling, e.g., grinding, media utilized.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for recovering liquid and gaseous fuel from solid hydrocarbon-containing mineral material such as bitumen-containing mineral materials exemplified by tar sands or oil-bearing diatomites, without expensive pretreatment to separate the hydrocarbon containing material from material containing no hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon-containing material is agglomerated into discrete pieces that are treated on a traveling grate such as a circular traveling grate and subjected to sequential treatments in which hot gases are passed upwardly or downwardly through a relatively deep permeable bed of the pieces on the grate, in several treating zones separated by transverse gas seals and sealed at the side edges by suitable gas seals. All, or essentially all, of the heat required is obtained in a coke burn-off zone from combustion of coke that remains in the material on the grate after the volatile hydrocarbons have been removed by distillation in an earlier distillation zone.

Abstract: A roll press includes two coacting rolls arranged to form briquettes by engagement of coacting surfaces having suitable depressions formed therein. Each of the rolls includes a central arbor of polygonal cross section including a plurality of flat faces each having a dovetail slot therein, a plurality of segments each slidably received in a corresponding dovetail slot, and retaining plates on each side of the arbor for engaging the ends of the segments and to limit axial displacement. The mounting arrangement for the retaining plates provides for thermal expansion of the segments in one axial direction. Each segment is mounted in its dovetail slot with a slight space between the inner face of the segment and the bottom wall of the slot so that precise machining of the inner face of the segment and the bottom of the dovetail slot is not necessary. A cooling arrangement is provided which comprises a plurality of spaced axially extending passages connected by diagonal passages.