Abstract: A hand-held 3D ultrasound instrument is disclosed which is used to non-invasively and automatically measure amniotic fluid volume in the uterus requiring a minimum of operator intervention. Using a 2D image-processing algorithm, the instrument gives automatic feedback to the user about where to acquire the 3D image set. The user acquires one or more 3D data sets covering all of the amniotic fluid in the uterus and this data is then processed using an optimized 3D algorithm to output the total amniotic fluid volume corrected for any fetal head brain volume contributions.

Abstract: A hand-held 3D ultrasound instrument is disclosed which is used to non-invasively and automatically measure amniotic fluid volume in the uterus requiring a minimum of operator intervention. Using a 2D image-processing algorithm, the instrument gives automatic feedback to the user about where to acquire the 3D image set. The user acquires one or more 3D data sets covering all of the amniotic fluid in the uterus and this data is then processed using an optimized 3D algorithm to output the total amniotic fluid volume corrected for any fetal head brain volume contributions.

Abstract: A segmentation algorithm is optimized to robustly locate and measure the volume of fluid filled or non-fluid filled structures or organs from imaging systems derived from ultrasound, computer assisted tomography, magnetic resonance, and position emission tomography. A clinical specimen is measured with a plurality of 2D scan planes processed by the segmentation algorithm to estimate the 2D based area the 3D based volumes of fluid-filled and non-fluid filled organs or structures.

Abstract: A data collection device obtains three-dimensional ultrasound scan information of a portion of the abdominal aorta. A plurality of transducer elements are arranged to provide overlapping coverage. The data collection device is first positioned over the aorta by an operator; a one-dimensional scan with a Doppler sound generator operating on the blood flow is used to verify proper initial positioning of the device. Three-dimensional scan information is then obtained and converted from plane coordinates into spherical coordinates such that the resulting converted scan line planes are perpendicular to the aorta. The information in each converted scan line plane is then processed to determine the boundaries of the aorta, from which diameter information is then calculated. Diameter measurements over a given region of the aorta can be used to determine and monitor an aneurysm in the aorta.

Abstract: The system includes a function for generating a plurality of ultrasound scan planes, each separated by a selected angle, to produce a scan cone having an ultrasound scan cone boundary for scanning the bladder, or other organ. The amount, if any, of the scanned bladder which extends beyond the ultrasound scan cone boundary is then determined, as well as the percentage of the bladder within an inner cone boundary relative to that within the ultrasound cone boundary. A signal is provided, specifically illumination of one of four orthogonal arrows in a display, indicating the direction that the transducer should be moved in order to more accurately center the bladder within the ultrasound scan cone boundary. Re-aiming of the transducer is considered necessary when the ratio of the percentages is less than 70%, while if the percentage ratio is greater than 70%, aiming is optional.

Abstract: The system includes a bladder volume device which determines the volume of urine in the bladder on a non-invasive basis, such as by ultrasound. The device then compares the volume determination, which is made on a regular basis, against previously obtained cystometry information for the patient, which comprises a graph which correlates bladder pressure, specifically detrusor pressure, against volume of urine in the bladder. The graph is used by the system to produce a surrogate bladder pressure for each volume determination made. The system then provides an indication of the surrogate bladder pressure so that the patient can determine when catheterization is desirable.

Abstract: A system which includes at least one ultrasound data collection device which is programmable to carry out a specific ultrasound procedure. The resulting ultrasound data is transmitted via a local server to the internet and from there to a web database server which processes the raw ultrasound data and provides application-specific information, such as a three-dimensional model, which can be used for diagnostic interpretation of the body part imaged by the ultrasound.

Abstract: The apparatus is worn by a user and includes means for automatically scanning the bladder of the user with ultrasound signals. The returning signals are used to calculate the volume of urine in the bladder and also to calculate the actual surface area of the bladder. The theoretical surface area of a spherical bladder having the said calculated volume is then determined. A surface area index (SAI) is then determined as follows: ##EQU1## The SAI value is an indication of the roundness of the bladder and hence the pressure within the bladder.

Abstract: A pad assembly for coupling ultrasound from a transducer probe into the human body includes a shallow receptacle 20 with a removable cover 22 on the upper portion thereof. Within the receptacle are a foam section 14, a gel pad 12 and a thin net section 18. The net section 18 is bonded to the cover 22. The gel pad 12 is impregnated with a mixture of glycerin and water. The upper surface of foam section 14 is convoluted or ribbed so that there is a substantially lower surface tension between the foam section 14 and the gel pad than between the probe and the gel pad. There is also a substantially lower surface tension between net section 18 and the gel pad than between the gel pad and the foam section.

Abstract: A pulse Doppler system for determining blood flow velocity in a blood vessel in a body, in particular the carotid artery. A sample region covering a section of the artery is investigated, using two spaced transmitters, one with a frequency of 3 MHz and the other with a frequency of 4.5 MHz. The received echo beams are then processed to determine the component blood velocities for each frequency. The two component values are then resolved into a true blood flow velocity for the sample region. That information is used to produce a color-coded velocity map of the artery, which may be conveniently displayed to the operator.

Abstract: An ultrasound signal is transmitted into the center of the bladder. The received backscatter information is gated so that the data which remains is from a sample volume within the bladder and does not include information from the front or back walls and surrounding tissues of the bladder. The backscatter information is then compared with a preestablished threshold value. If the received backscatter is above a threshold value, it is indicative of a possible urinary tract infection, and an alarm is transmitted to the user.