Abstract: A muffler and spark arrester for use on an internal combustion engine has an outer tube extending along an axis between an inlet and an outlet. A perforate inner tube is disposed coaxially within the outer tube and merges therewith adjacent the inlet and is in effect connected thereto near the outlet by a partially toroidal end wall. Sound absorbing material is lodged between the inner and outer tubes. A plurality of nested, partially toroidal cups is disposed coaxially adjacent the end wall. A resonator-arrester chamber is coaxially nested with the toroidal cups. A central tube is held by a gas barrier wall coaxially within a portion of the inner tube. The parts are held together by an axially extending through bolt.

Abstract: A spark arresting muffler has a housing with an inlet designed for attachment to the exhaust pipe of an engine. A packet of discs is mounted on the housing preferably in line with the inlet. The discs are substantially identical and are preferably circular or annular in plan and are cupped in side elevation. The discs are axially spaced from each other by edge projections on one disc abutting the adjacent disc, the projections conveniently being deformations integral with the discs. A spark receiver is disposed in communication with the disc packet to receive and hold sparks rejected by the packet.

Abstract: G,1 A torque converter for inclusion between a driving shaft and a driven shaft has a driving gear rotatable about a primary axis and in mesh with planetary gears rotatable about second axes parallel to the primary axis. The planetary gears are coupled to eccentric weights also rotatable about the secondary axes in a predetermined phase relationship. The planetary gears and weights are coupled to a driven gear with which there may be selectively meshed either one of a pair of pinions. Each pinion is provided with a unidirectional clutch engagable with a torque shaft having limited rotation and essentially fixed. The clutches work in opposite directions. Preferably, both the driving shaft and the driven shaft, as well as the torque shaft, are provided with torque cushions to smooth out variations in torque. Special inertia relationships are maintained.