Abstract: A support is provided for high-precision, long threaded spindles which are extremely thin, and which are employed in systems in electronic reproduction technology, machine tools, measuring instruments, and the like. The support includes a bearing block pivotable in three dimensions through use of a hemispherical support bearing. The bearing block has two rollers thereon, one of which is slightly tiltable.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a bearing for highprecision transport spindles used in machines for electrical reproduction technology, machine tools, measuring installations and the like, wherein axial movement due to bearing tolerances are eliminated by the bearing device of this invention. The radial and axial bearing of the spindle are decoupled from one another by means of the bearing device, thereby eliminating the axial dislocation errors.

Abstract: A four color printing system wherein tone dependent color reduction is to be utilized and the color components for the chromatic printing inks yellow (Y), magenta (M) and cyan (C) are reduced and the amount of black printing ink (K) is increased so as to compensate for the reduction in the chromatic printing inks wherein a nearly total achromatic synthesis is utilized to a gray tone value which corresponds to the full tone of the black printing ink utilized. The color components of the color printing inks are then from this tone value increased from this gray tone up to the greatest image depth. So as to avoid breaks or steps in the light tone area, the color components of the chromatic printing inks are also increased in a subtonal area, particularly in the light tone area wherein reproductions can be made with or without gray tone balance.

Abstract: In engraving of printing forms particularly of gravure cylinders, it has previously been possible to produce run-free color raster configurations for only two colors. The present invention discloses rastering methods for run-free color production of four color impressions and polychromatic impressions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for eliminating image defects in polychromatic printing which arise due to lack of registration in the superimposed printing of individual color separations with different colored inks wherein from the four color separation signals M, C, Y and K the color separation signal which defines the contour is determined in the area of the contour. This color separation signal which corresponds to the color of the selected signal is replaced in the lighter or, respectively, darker area by the selected color separation signal and the color separation signals of the darker or, respectively, lighter areas which are adjacent to the lighter or, respectively, darker areas are retained unaltered so that the white streaks and imperfections of the prior art are eliminated.

Abstract: In a method for copying retouch in color picture reproduction, color values are initially acquired by image-point-by-image-point trichromatic color picture scanning and digitization. The color values are deposited in a storage medium and are addressable by image point coordinates. With the coordinate pen of a coordinate acquisition means, the retoucher first marks a read point within a first image region from which a pattern is to be taken and a write point within a second image region into which the pattern is to be copied with image point precision. A distance between the read and write points is determined from the acquired image point coordinates and is fixed. The retoucher then acquires all image point coordinates within the first image region with the assistance of a coordinate pen.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the density of color layers of printing inks that are still wet is provided in which a polarized light source is directed toward the color layer along an axis of illumination which is inclined at the Brewster angle relative to the surface normal line of the color layer.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method for point-to-point and line-by-line opto-electronic scanning of masters mounted on a transparent master carrier and wherein simultaneous opaque and transparency scanning is accomplished to generate opaque and transparency scanning signals for each point of the master with one of the scanning signals being the actual image signal and the other scanning signal being a recognition signal for those points of the master where amplitude errors in the image signal occur due to scattered light and/or shadowing. The disruptive amplitude errors are eliminated by combining the recognition signal with the actual image signal to obtain a substantially error-free signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing color separations for single color printing in electronic reproduction, for example in textile, decorative, or packaging printing. A colored master is optoelectronically scanned point-by-point and line-by-line to obtain color signals. Color recognition signals which identify the different colors of the master during scanning are produced from the color signals. Further corrected color separation signals are obtained from the color signals. The corrected color separation signals are controlled by selected color recognition signals representing selected colors of the master. The color separation signals are switched on by the color recognition signals when the corresponding colors in the master are identified, and are switched off when the colors are not present. At least two switched on color separation signals form a recording signal which controls the recording of the color separations for the different colors of the master.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for recording color pictures wherein color proofs are made before the actual printing for quality control in multicolor printing processes. The color pictures are exposed on a chromatic material wherein the exposed colors must coincide with the colors which are later to be printed on paper. So as to achieve the color equivalent color picture exposure, the required color density values for the chromatic material of the selected printed and exposed colors are identified with a visual or mensurational comparison of the CIE coordinates. The identified color density values for the exposed colors are allocated to the corresponding color separation values of the colors to be printed and during recording the allocated color density values are utilized instead of the color separation values and are converted into signals for driving a color exposure unit for example a proof recorder.

Abstract: Given color reduction depending on tone in four-color printing, wherein the color components of the chromatic printing inks yellow, magenta and cyan are reduced and the amount of black printing ink is increased to compensate for such reduction, a achromatic synthesis is employed up to a gray tone value which corresponds to the full tone of the black printing ink employed and the color components of the chromatic printing inks are again increased proceeding from that gray tone value up to the maximum shadow in order to get desired densities in the overprint.

Abstract: An electron beam generator designed for engraving surfaces of printing form cylinders is switched to microscope operation during engraving pauses in order to make engraved cups visible immediately and without additional auxiliary equipment. During microscope operation, deflection parameters and an intensity of an electron beam produced by the electron beam generator are changed for appropriate scanning. An image signal is acquired by detecting secondary electrons generated by the beam interacting with the cups in the printing form surface.

Abstract: Point-to-point film exposure for recording rasters continuous tone images and linework characters in scanner technology wherein the exposure spot is defined by the light intensity, the size, the focus and intensity distribution which are controlled to achieve a uniform and high contrast exposure.

Abstract: A single piece electrode comb or device includes two circuit boards having conductor paths and two separate rows of needle-like recording electrodes which are electrically connected to separate paths of the respective circuit board encapsulated in a single plastic resin body with the electrode rows extending to a recording edge formed in a rib along one edge of the body. To form the electrode comb, a device having two substantially similar rectangular cross-sectional shaped halves is assembled in one position to form a winding core on which a wire is wound with a plurality of turns, clamped and joined to the respective circuit boards which are mounted on faces of the two halves, subsequently the wires are separated along a parting plane and the two halves are disassembled with one being rotated 180.degree.

Abstract: This invention relates to a screen system for color reproduction wherein screens differing in angle and screen line spacing from color separation to color separation are utilized in each case in the individual color separations. Special screens are specified, whereof the tolerance ranges are situated at 2.degree. for the angles and at approximately 12% for the screen fineness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for intensifying contrast during the recording of masters in electronic image processing wherein a master is scanned opto-electronically and an image signal is produced as well as two unsharp masking signals by scanning a first unsharp masking area and an enlarged second unsharp masking area around the current image point. Differential signals are generated from the image signal and each of the two unsharp masking signals and the two differential signals thus formed are mixed together in a selected ratio. The mixed signal is divided into positive and negative correction components which can be differently amplified and after comparison to threshold signals are combined to form a correction signal which has an effective width which depends on the mixing ratio. The mixing ratio may for example, be dependent on the gradient and/or the contrast of a master contour.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the reproduction of an image with coarser resolution than used during scanning wherein the original image is opto-electronically scanned point-wise and line-wise with a prescribed resolution and is converted into digital image signals, and a field containing as many image points as is used for one coarse image point is extracted from the digital image signals, and wherein weighting is undertaken for the individual image signals of the image points of said field and a corresponding image signal for the coarse image point is obtained by means of combining the weighted image signals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for improving contrast accentuation in the case of the re-recording of originals in the sphere of electronic image processing by means of graving devices and scanners. An image signal is obtained by scanning an original opto-electronically dot-by-dot and line-by-line, and at least one surround signal is obtained by evaluating the surrounding area of the image dots. A correction signal which is superimposed on the image signal for the purpose of contrast accentuation is derived from the surround signal and the image signal. The original is thereupon re-recorded on a recording medium to an optional reproduction scale.

Abstract: A scanning method for already rastered masters in reproduction technology uses a special diaphragm for avoiding Moire effects in the re-recording.

Abstract: A method for the reproduction of an image pattern disposed on a substantially nonuniformly driven scanning drum, wherein the image pattern is photoelectrically scanned point-by-point and line-by-line to generate an image pattern signal having an analog relationship to the image pattern and the image pattern signal is used to record on at least one recording drum driven substantially nonuniformly and independently of the scanning drum, features generating a scanning timing signal in synchronism with the rotational movement of the scanning drum, converting the image pattern signal to a digital signal in synchronism with the scanning timing signal, storing the digital signal in a storage unit measure-by-measure in synchronism with the scanning timing signal, generating a recording timing signal in synchronism with the rotational movement of the recording drum, reading out the digital signal from the storage unit measure-by-measure in synchronism with the recording timing signal, and, thereafter, driving at least