Abstract: A tube heat exchanger for the production of carbon black includes a support plate located at the lower end of a space through which heat exchanger tubes extend. The plate includes upper and lower spar support plates forming a spar space therebetween through which the heat exchanger tubes extend. The spar space is divided into a plurality of canals by partition walls. Each canal has its own inlet and outlet for conducting a flow of cooling medium. The flow direction of cooling medium in each canal is opposite that of an adjacent canal. Portions of the support plate are formed of an aluminum-containing, iron-based alloy produced powder-metallurgically.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced by burning a mixture of air and oil to produce hot gases and then conducting the hot gases through tubes extending through a chamber of a heat exchanger. Heat exchange air is conducted through the chamber in a direction opposite the direction of gas flow, in heat-exchange relationship with the tubes, to pre-heat the air. The pre-heated air is then mixed with the oil to be burned. Prior to entering the chamber, the air is conducted within a hollow section of the wall structure of the heat exchanger to transfer heat from a hot end of the wall structure toward a cooler end thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating cullet before use as a raw material in a glass manufacturing process is disclosed. The method includes providing a bed of cullet; passing hot gases through the bed, the quantity and temperature of gases being sufficient to pyrolyze odor creating impurities within the bed of cullet; entraining volatile products of pyrolysis into gases leaving the moving bed; heating the gases leaving the bed to oxidize odor creating impurities; and discharging the gases to the atmosphere. The apparatus includes a housing containing a moving bed of cullet; a source of hot gases which permits the gases to pass through the moving bed of cullet to pyrolyze odor creating impurities within the cullet and entrain volatile products of pyrolysis into gases leaving the moving bed; and an incinerator to remove odor creating impurities from gases leaving the moving bed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating cullet before use as a raw material in a glass manufacturing process is disclosed. The method includes providing a bed of cullet; passing hot gases through the bed, the quantity and temperature of gases being sufficient to pyrolyze odor creating impurities within the bed of cullet; entraining volatile products of pyrolysis into gases leaving the moving bed; heating the gases leaving the bed to oxidize odor creating impurities; and discharging the gases to the atmosphere. The apparatus includes a housing containing a moving bed of cullet; a source of hot gases which permits the gases to pass through the moving bed of cullet to pyrolyze odor creating impurities within the cullet and entrain volatile products of pyrolysis into gases leaving the moving bed; and an incinerator to remove odor creating impurities from gases leaving the moving bed.

Abstract: A method is taught for separately preheating cullet and batch, material use in glass making. This method uses a two stage process for preheating batch in a way that allows water vapor to escape to the atmosphere before the main preheating stage. It supplements current preheating methods of the art of glass making. Apparatuses to carry out this method are also taught.

Abstract: A method for reducing pollution emissions from a glass melting furnace using electrostatic granular bed (EGB) technology. The granules in the EGB filter are themselves formed from an alkaline earth metal material. The granules react with sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas and form a layer of alkaline earth metal sulfates and sulfites in the granules. Simultaneously alkali metal-containing particles are deposited on the granules. The accumulated layers of pollutants are easily removed by mechanical agitation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for glass manufacture is described having batch preheating and reduced pollution emission. The apparatus includes two modules containing pelletized glass and/or cullet. One module functions as a pelletized glass preheater, and the other as a filter for removing pollution emissions from furnace exhaust gases. The modules are switchable, such that the preheating module can be converted to a filter module, and the filter module converted to a preheating module, thus allowing periodic cleaning and routine maintenance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously preheating cullet and removing pollutants from glass furnace gases is disclosed. Raw moist cullet having fine glass dust material and other impurities adhered to its surface is heated by furnace gases which remove the moisture and the impurities by entrainment. The dry, clean cullet is then electrically charged and used to filter the exhaust gases which have been electrostatically charged.

Abstract: A method for reducing pollution emissions from a glass melting furnace using electrostatic granular bed (EGB) technology is disclosed. In one embodiment, sorbent dust containing an alkaline earth metal material, e.g., calcium, is injected into a prereactor for reaction with furnace exhaust gases. A layer of calcium material forms over the granules. These granules are co-mingled with granules from an EGB filter which, over a period of time, retain a layer of low resistivity alkali metal salt. The resulting mixture of granules maintains a high resistivity and therefore prolongs the life of granules used in the EGB filter. In an alternative embodiment, the granules in the EGB filter are themselves formed from an alkaline earth metal material. The granules react with sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas and form a layer of alkaline earth metal sulfates and sulfites in the granules. Simultaneously alkali metal-containing particles are deposited on the granules.

Abstract: A apparatus for simultaneously preheating cullet and removing pollutants from glass furnace gases is disclosed. Raw moist cullet having fine glass dust material and other impurities adhered to its surface is heated by furnace gases which remove the moisture and the impurities by entrainment. The dry, clean cullet is then electrically charged and used to filter the exhaust gases which have been electrostatically charged.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for glass manufacture is described having batch preheating and reduced pollution emission. The apparatus includes two modules containing pelletized glass and/or cullet. One module functions as a pelletized glass preheater, and the other as a filter for removing pollution emissions from furnace exhaust gases. The modules are switchable, such that the preheating module can be converted to a filter module, and the filter module converted to a preheating module, thus allowing periodic cleaning and routine maintenance.