Abstract: A curved pyrolytic graphite crystal x-ray monochromator has at least one diffraction surface of graphite crystal for diffracting and monochromizing x-rays generated from an x-ray source so as to bend and/or converge the diffracted and monochromized x-rays, wherein the diffraction surface has a predetermined curved surface. In a method for manufacturing a curved pyrolytic graphite crystal x-ray monochromator, one or more pieces of polymer films are heated at a temperature predetermined in a range from 400.degree. C. to 3500.degree. C. so as to form carbonaceous films, and then, one or more pieces of formed carbonaceous films are superimposed, heated and pressed onto a predetermined curved surface of an isotropic graphite die at a temperature predetermined in a range from 400.degree. C. to 3500.degree. C.