Abstract: The invention relates to materials and methods for diagnosing liver tumor types, and assessing patient prognosis. Specifically, but not exclusively, the invention concerns the determination of marker protein which enable primary liver tumors to be identified and classified according to the latest WHO classification. Particularly, the invention provides potential markers proteins which allow non-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells to be distinguished. This allows grading of tumor differentiation to be refined and differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors and pathogenesis of sub-types of cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for assaying for a target analyte, comprising providing a plurality of samples which may comprise the target analyte, wherein each sample is differentially labelled with a mass label or a combination of mass labels, wherein the mass labels are from a set of mass labels, wherein each mass label is an isobaric mass label comprising a mass spectrometrically distinct mass marker group, such that the samples can be distinguished by mass spectrometry and determining from the mass spectrum the quantity of the target analyte in each sample.

Abstract: The present invention concerns materials and methods relating to pancreatic cancer and personalized medicine as applied to pancreatic cancer. Particularly, the invention relates to materials and methods for the determination of significantly modulated protein phosphorylation and/or expression as well as the activity of signalling pathways collectively providing a tumour profile that can guide selection of the most appropriate treatment regime based on the likelihood of tumour recurrence or the identity of activated drug targets in pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides set of two or more mass labels, wherein each mass label in the set has the same integer mass as every other label in the set, and each mass label in the set has an exact mass which is different to the mass of all other mass labels in the set such that all the mass labels in the set are distinguishable from each other by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for diagnosing or assessing a neurodegenerative disease in a test subject, comprising: (i) providing a protein-containing sample that has been obtained from the test subject; (ii) determining the concentration, amount or degree of expression of at least one specific protein isoform and/or glycoform derived from a protein biomarker selected from the group consisting of: clusterin precursor; apolipoprotein A-IV precursor; apolipoprotein C-III precursor; transthyretin; galectin 7; complement C4 precursor; alpha-2-macroglobulin precursor; Ig alpha-1 chain C; histone 2B; Ig lambda chain C region; fibrinogen gamma chain precursor; complement factor H; inter-alpha-trypsin heavy chain H4 precursor; complement C3 precursor; gamma or beta actin; haptoglobin precursor; and the serum albumin precursor, or a fragment thereof; (iii) comparing said concentration, amount or degree determined in (ii) with a reference from a control subject with a specific neurodegenerative disease, deme

Abstract: A reactive mass label for labelling a biological molecule for detection by mass spectrometry, which label comprises a reactive functionality for labelling thiol groups or carbonyl groups. Also provided is a reactive mass label for labelling a biological molecule for detection by mass spectrometry, wherein the mass label comprises the following structure: X-L-M-S—Re wherein X is a mass marker moiety, L is a cleavable linker, M is a mass normalization moiety, S is a mass series modifying group comprising the following group: wherein J is C?O, K is NH, and n is 2 or J and K are both CH2 and n is 1, and wherein m is at least 1; and Re is a reactive functionality for attaching the mass label to a biological molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions relating Alzheimer's disease. There is provided a panel of optimal biomarkers which allow diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and discrimination between Alzheimer's disease and its earlier precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions having casein kinase 1 delta (CK1?) inhibitors and to the use of the inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Provided is a method of assaying for an analyte, including combining a test sample having the analyte, with a calibration sample having at least two different aliquots of the analyte, each aliquot having a different known quantity of the analyte. The test sample and each aliquot are differentially labeled with one or more isobaric mass labels each with a mass spectrometrically distinct mass marker group, such that the test sample and each aliquot of the calibration sample can be distinguished by mass spectrometry. The method further includes determining by mass spectrometry the quantity of analyte in the test sample and in each aliquot, and calibrating the quantity of analyte in the test sample against known and determined quantities of analytes in the aliquots.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a diagnostic sample of a valid body tissue taken from a human subject, which comprises detecting an increased concentration of a protein in the diagnostic sample, compared with a control, normal human sample, the protein being: transforming growth factor-beta induced protein IG-H3 (SwissProt Acc. No. Q15582); suppressor of G2 allele of SKP1 homolog (isoform 2) (SwissProt Acc. No. Q9Y2Z0-2); hypothetical protein (part of URG4) (SwissProt Acc. No. Q9NWR7); calponin-2 (SwissProt Acc. No. Q99439); heat shock protein HSP90-beta (SwissProt Acc. No. P08238); phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (SwissProt Acc. No. P18669); serpin C1 protein (SwissProt Acc. No. P01008); or haptoglobin precursor (SwissProt Acc. No. P00738); or a decreased concentration of a protein in the diagnostic sample, compared with a control, normal human sample, the protein being serotransferrin (SwissProt Acc. No. P02787); 26S proteasome subunit p40.5 (Swiss Prot Acc. No.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions having casein kinase 1 delta (CK1?) inhibitors and to the use of the inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of diagnosis of vCJD in a diagnostic sample of a valid body tissue taken from a human subject, which comprises detecting an increased concentration of a protein in the diagnostic sample, compared with a sample of a control human subject, the protein being: beta-actin (SwissProt Acc. No. P60709), apolipoprotein A-IV precursor (SwissProt Acc. No. P06727); haptoglobin beta-chain consisting of residues 162-406 (SwissProt Acc. No. P00738); haemoglobin beta chain (SwissProt Acc. No. P02023); or alpha-1-antitrypsin (SwissProt Acc. No. P01009); or a decreased concentration of a protein in the diagnostic sample, compared with a sample of a control, normal human subject, the protein being plasma protease (C1) inhibitor precursor (SwissProt Acc. No. P05155); complement component 1, s sub-component (SwissProt Acc. No. P09871); butyrylcholinesterase precursor (SwissProt Acc. No. P06276); complement component C4B (SwissProt Acc. No. P01028); lumican (SwissProt Acc. No.

Abstract: A mass label for labelling and detecting a biological molecule by mass spectroscopy, which label comprises the following structure: X-L-M wherein X is a mass marker moiety comprising the following group: formula (I), wherein the cyclic unit is aromatic or aliphatic and comprises from 0-3 double bonds independently between any two adjacent atoms; each Z is independently N, N(R1), C(R1), CO, CO(R1), C(R1)2, O or S; X is N, C or C(R1); each R1 is independently H, a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic cyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; and y is an integer from 0-10, L is a cleavable linker comprising an amide bond and M is a mass normalization moiety.

Abstract: A reactive mass label for labelling a biological molecule for detection by mass spectrometry includes the following structure: X-L-M-S-Re, wherein X is a mass marker moiety, L is a cleavable linker, M is a mass normalization moiety, and S is a mass series modifying group including the following group: wherein J is C?O, K is NH, and n is 2 or J and K are both CH2 and n is 1, m is at least 1; and Re is a reactive functionality for attaching the reactive mass label to a biological molecule.

Abstract: Provided is a set of mass labels, each mass label in the set comprising a mass marker moiety attached via a cleavable linker to a mass normalization moiety, each mass label in the set having a common mass; wherein the set comprises a plurality of groups of mass labels, the mass of the mass marker moiety being the same for mass labels within a group, the mass of the mass marker moiety being different between groups; the mass marker moiety is capable of fragmentation into two or three fragments; and the mass of at least one fragment of the mass marker moiety differs between mass labels within a group.

Abstract: The invention concerns in vitro proteomic analysis of cells to determine the sensitizing potential (including allergic potential) of compounds on said cells. Several protein markers are provided that allow assays to be performed to determine whether a chemical has a sensitizing potential of contact sensitizers.

Abstract: The invention concerns in vitro proteomic analysis of cells to determine the sensitizing potential (including allergic potential) of compounds on said cells. Several protein markers are provided that allow assays to be performed to determine whether a chemical has a sensitizing potential of contact and/or respiratory sensitizers.

Abstract: The invention identifies and describes proteins that are differentially expressed in platelets resistant to anti-platelet agents such as aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid) compared to those platelets that are sensitive to such agents. Methods for determining further such differentially expressed proteins and methods for determining an individual's sensitivity to anti-platelet agents, such as aspirin, prior to administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of detecting renal transplant rejection and other forms of renal damage. Protein markers or renal damage are provided, along with assays for detecting said markers. Also provided are methods for identifying markers of renal damage.

Abstract: Provided is a method for characterizing a molecule by mass spectrometry, which molecule comprises one or more free amino groups, which method comprises: (a) reacting one or more free amino groups in the molecule with a mass tag reagent comprising a reactive functionality capable of reacting with an amino group, and a tertiary amino group linked to the reactive functionality; and (b) characterizing the molecule by mass spectrometry.