Abstract: A method for identifying an object in motion, in particular a vehicle, includes several steps whenever the object is moving inside a predetermined identification zone following a predetermined movement axis. The steps are periodically acquiring images of the object in a predetermined field of view, checking the nature of the image background in the field of view to obtain background reference information in the absence of the object, and processing the images acquired in combination with the background reference information in order to extract therefrom a silhouette of the object having crossed the field of view. Systems for implementing the method are also disclosed. The invention may be used, in particular, with highway toll booths and for any other application demanding an identification of vehicles.