Abstract: In a vehicle having a manual transmission coupled to an internal combustion engine via a first clutch, the first clutch is operable responsive to movement of a clutch pedal. In an engine mode of vehicle operation, the engine propels the vehicle responsive to movement of an accelerator pedal. An electric motor is coupled to the manual transmission for propelling the vehicle in an electric traction motor mode of vehicle operation. Controls are configured for generating a motor demand signal responsive to accelerator pedal position and configured for modifying the demand signal generation responsive to the clutch pedal position.

Abstract: A vehicle has independent electric traction system (ETS) and internal combustion engine (ICE). A system controller, a data acquisition system, and a GPS system are added to the vehicle. A remote system has a data base of locations identifying emission non-attainment areas. The data acquisition system obtains the vehicle location along with parametric data related to operation of the vehicle. The remote system notifies the vehicle operator and the auxiliary control system of opportunities to obtain emission reduction credits in response to the vehicle location data and its operating status. The system controller or the operator switch between ICE operation and ETS operation in response to the vehicle location, emission reduction credit process, and parametric measurements of the vehicle operation to achieve an emissions credit result while optimizing fuel for the ICE and stored electrical potential energy for the ETS.

Abstract: A reduced emission apparatus is coupled to a vehicle such that the vehicle is enabled to operate in a reduced emission mode by use of the reduced emission apparatus. A data acquisition apparatus is mounted on the vehicle and configured to acquire data relating to operation of the vehicle. Security may be provided for the reduced emission apparatus and vehicle-mounted data acquisition apparatus. The credits from operating the reduced emission apparatus apply to resources for deploying the reduced emission apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a drive train having a manual transmission. An internal combustion engine is coupled to the manual transmission via a clutch. The vehicle is retrofitted so that auxiliary devices operate auxiliary systems of the vehicle, a battery energizes electric drivers for the auxiliary devices, a power exchange unit is coupled to the manual transmission via a power takeoff port, an electric generator is coupled to the power exchange unit, and the internal combustion engine drives the electric generator via the power exchange unit. The battery is energized by the electric generator via a battery charger.

Abstract: A power exchange unit (PXU) is coupled to an existing manual transmission of a vehicle via a PTO port. An electric motor generator coupled to the PXU. A battery is electrically coupled to the motor generator for supplying power to propel the vehicle. A control unit is coupled to the motor generator and the battery and configured to switch operation of the vehicle between first and second modes, wherein in the first mode an internal combustion engine of the vehicle propels the vehicle, and in the second mode the motor generator propels the vehicle in a motoring mode.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a drive train having a manual transmission. An internal combustion engine is coupled to the manual transmission via a clutch. The vehicle is retrofitted so that auxiliary devices operate auxiliary systems of the vehicle, a battery energizes electric drivers for the auxiliary devices, a power exchange unit is coupled to the manual transmission via a power takeoff port, an electric generator is coupled to the power exchange unit, and the internal combustion engine drives the electric generator via the power exchange unit. The battery is energized by the electric generator via a battery charger.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a drive train having a manual transmission. An internal combustion engine is coupled to the manual transmission via a clutch. Auxiliary devices operate auxiliary systems of the vehicle. A battery energizes electric drivers for the auxiliary devices. A power exchange unit is coupled to the manual transmission via a power takeoff port. An electric generator is coupled to the power exchange unit, and the internal combustion engine drives the generator via the power exchange unit. The battery is energized by the generator via a battery charger.

Abstract: According to one form of the invention, an auxiliary system is provided for supplying air conditioning to the cabin of a truck. The system includes an air conditioning compressor having a jackshaft mounted on a hub of the compressor. The system further includes an electric motor connected to the jackshaft by a belt for the motor, wherein the electric motor has a drive shaft and a pulley rigidly secured thereon, i.e., with no clutch and with no provision for slippage of the pulley relative to the drive shaft. The jackshaft has a pulley thereon for the electric motor drive. An end of the jackshaft that is not proximate to the compressor is rotatably held by a bearing and a bearing bracket in order to increase capability of the jackshaft to withstand side loading.

Abstract: A high volume combustion catalyst system of the current invention delivers an aerosol liquid catalyst into a diesel engine for the express purpose of enhancing combustion efficiency, thus, lowering fuel consumption and emissions. This invention is capable of extremely precise catalyst delivery and can service the full range of commercially available diesel engines.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and method of improving fuel efficiency and reduced emissions in combustion engines is disclosed. A liquid aerosol catalyst is introduced in to the air intake stream of a combustion engine and allowed to react during the oxidation of the fuel in the combustion chamber. The catalyst mixture contains platinum, rhenium, cerium, alcohol, and water.

Abstract: Catalyst housings and catalyst silencer housings that include various features for modularity and for servicing and securing catalysts elements, spacers and filter elements are provided.

Abstract: A vehicle has an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a electric traction motor (ETM) coupled by a standard transmission through a differential to drive traction wheels. A control system receives sensor signals including speed sensors, a load sensor, and an incline sensors. The control system processes the speed signals to generate indicator signals corresponding to speed of the ETM, the vehicle speed, the shifting gears and the speed of the transmission output shaft. One or more displays present indications of when the speed of a shifting gear corresponding to the speed of the ETM matches the speed of the vehicle thus the speed of the transmission output shaft. An operator may shift, without clutching, from neutral and to a next shifting gear when there is an indication that the speed of the next shifting gear matches the speed of a shifting collar coupled to the transmission output shaft.

Abstract: A drive train includes an internal combustion engine (“ICE”) coupled to a transmission having a power takeoff port. A transfer device couples an electric motor to the transmission via the port. The electric motor is enabled in a certain configuration to selectively power the drive train during at least certain intervals when the ICE is powered off.

Abstract: A reduced emission apparatus is coupled to a vehicle such that the vehicle is enabled to operate in a reduced emission mode by use of the reduced emission apparatus. A data acquisition apparatus is mounted on the vehicle and configured to acquire data relating to operation of the vehicle. Security may be provided for the reduced emission apparatus and vehicle-mounted data acquisition apparatus. The credits from operating the reduced emission apparatus apply to resources for deploying the reduced emission apparatus.

Abstract: Efficient fuel combustion catalyst delivery device and method are provided. A fuel combustion catalyst delivery device includes a storage vessel that contains a liquid. The liquid includes one or more catalytic materials. The storage vessel is attached to a nebulizer that can convert the liquid to an aerosol to be delivered into an air intake of a combustion zone. The aerosol can accelerate fuel combustion. The storage vessel and the nebulizer are made from materials suitable to be exposed to the liquid and the aerosol. The storage vessel and the nebulizer are also suitable to be placed in proximity to the combustion zone such as an engine compartment so that the aerosol can be delivered into the air intake of the combustion zone easily and effectively. The surfaces of the delivery device exposed to the liquid or the aerosol may be made of corrosion-resistant or inert materials if the liquid is acidic.

Abstract: A processing method of a flat panel display apparatus in which a cathode panel having electron emitting regions and an anode panel having phosphor regions and an anode electrode are joined is provided. A predetermined voltage is applied to each electron emitting region, thereby allowing electrons to be emitted therefrom. In a predetermined row, initial electron emitting states in the electron emitting regions are measured. After that, a voltage higher than that of the electron emitting region in a row showing the low initial electron emitting state is applied to the electron emitting region in the row showing the high initial electron emitting state for a predetermined time, thereby performing aging.

Abstract: Efficient and effective fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus is disclosed. A fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus may include a receptacle containing a material such as a liquid. The liquid may include one or more catalytic materials. The apparatus may further include a vibration pump configured to convert the liquid to an aerosol to be delivered into an intake air of a combustion zone, a pressure equalizer configured to maintain the pressure level of the receptacle at about the same pressure level as that of the intake air of the combustion zone, and a liquid delivery device configured to deliver the liquid to the vibration pump. The apparatus may further include an electronic control module and a mounting bracket or a docking station. The electronic control module may be used to control the vibration pump.

Abstract: Efficient and effective fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus is disclosed. A fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus may include a receptacle containing a material such as a liquid. The liquid may include one or more catalytic materials. The apparatus may further include a vibration pump configured to convert the liquid to an aerosol to be delivered into an intake air of a combustion zone, a pressure equalizer configured to maintain the pressure level of the receptacle at about the same pressure level as that of the intake air of the combustion zone, and a liquid delivery device configured to deliver the liquid to the vibration pump. The apparatus may further include an electronic control module and a mounting bracket or a docking station. The electronic control module may be used to control the vibration pump.

Abstract: A driving method of a flat panel display apparatus of a line-sequential driving system in which the display apparatus has N first wirings extending in a first direction, M second wirings extending in a second direction different from the first direction, and image display portions formed in overlapped regions of the first wirings and the second wirings, and the first to Nth first wirings are sequentially selected. A predetermined voltage is applied to each of the M second wirings for a period of time until the first first wiring is selected after the Nth first wiring was selected.

Abstract: Efficient fuel combustion catalyst delivery device and method are provided. A fuel combustion catalyst delivery device includes a storage vessel that contains a liquid. The liquid includes one or more catalytic materials. The storage vessel is attached to a nebulizer that can convert the liquid to an aerosol to be delivered into an air intake of a combustion zone. The aerosol can accelerate fuel combustion. The storage vessel and the nebulizer are made from materials suitable to be exposed to the liquid and the aerosol. The storage vessel and the nebulizer are also suitable to be placed in proximity to the combustion zone such as an engine compartment so that the aerosol can be delivered into the air intake of the combustion zone easily and effectively. The surfaces of the delivery device exposed to the liquid or the aerosol may be made of corrosion-resistant or inert materials if the liquid is acidic.