Abstract: The present invention provides tools and methods for bending angle stock, a tool including first and second parallel facing plates and a third plate holding the first and second plates in a fixed position. The third plate is fixed to upper edges of the first and second plates, and the first and second plates are separated by a gap sized to receive a side of the angle stock. The first plate has a back surface to which is attached an end of a rod-shaped handle. A bend in the angle stock is made by first cutting one side of the angle stock at a desired bend point on the other side and then placing two of the tools on the uncut side, one on each side of the desired bend point. The handles of the tools are pushed together to form a 90.degree. bend in the angle stock, which is formed because the edges of the first plates that are adjacent to the desired bending point have a 45.degree. angle. With this edge, a right-hand tool contributes a 45.degree. bend and a left-hand tool contributes a 45.degree.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a method for forming a press-fitted pipe joint by flaring the bell end of one pipe section and forcing the unflared pin end of the other pipe section into the bell end until the sections are overlapping for a substantial length. The improvement comprises forming the bell end so that it has a greater wall thickness than the pin end.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering gallium and/or germanium from fly ash which comprises pelletizing the fly ash, treating the pellets in the presence of an oxidizing gas at a temperature of from about 900.degree. C. to just below the fusion temperature of the pellets, treating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at the same temperature range, and recovering gallium and/or germanium suboxides from the gas.

Abstract: A method comprises providing at least two fluid flow channels of different sizes wherein each contain a temperature sensitive resistance fluid flow sensor. An electronic controller is provided with the electrical information from the temperature sensitive resistance fluid flow sensor. The electronic controller is provided with a data base including at least the calibration data between fluid flow rate and the electrical information from the resistance sensor and the designated fluid flow rates at which each of the flow channels other than the smallest that could be opened or closed. Next, the fluid whose flow rate is to be measured is caused to flow through the smallest flow channel. Then the electronic controller compares the flow rate through the smallest flow channel with the designated flow rate for the smallest channel and opens the next larger flow channel to fluid flow if the designated flow rate is exceeded or closes such flow channel if such designated flow rate is not exceeded.

Abstract: A reactive gas sensor which utilizes an electrically conductive polymer composite which comprises an inner layer of an electrically conductive polymer, intermediate layers of a polymer which exhibits a low degree of gas permeability, and protective outer layers of a polymer which exhibits a low degree of moisture permeability. The preferred polymers for the intermediate layers are ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers and polyvinylidene chloride. The sensor also includes means for measuring the resistance of the electrically conductive polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for peak shaving for a conventional air conditioning system. Heat energy is removed from an energy storage medium during periods of low power consumption and then the storage medium is used to absorb heat energy from the refrigerant during periods of peak energy consumption.