Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for measurement of the material quantities in coating layers applied upon a base material, by utilizing x-ray radiation. The procedure is particularly suited for use in a paper or cardboard manufacturing process wherein onto a material web in continuous motion are applied by steps one or several coating courses. The radiation source and detector are both placed on one side of the moving web, and the procedure is based on measurement of the fluorescence radiation excited by the primary x-ray radiation obtained from the radiation source in the material underlying the coating layer that is to be measured. The primary and secondary radiation both are thereby compelled to pass through the coating layer under measurement before the arrival of the fluorescence radiation at the detector.

Abstract: Procedure and apparatus for the washing of cellulose in the form of a continuous web. The continuous web produced in a concentrating zone is washed in a washing zone comprising between 2 and 6 washing steps, so that into the web pressurized washing liquid is introduced according to the counter-current principle to the purpose of displacing the suspension liquid contained in the web, using one pumping operation for transporting the washing liquid through a plurality of washing steps.