Abstract: A controlled deflection roll contains a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell or jacket rotatable about the stationary roll support. The rotatable roll shell is supported upon the stationary roll support by means of hydrostatic support or pressure elements. The roll shell is displaceably guided in guides in relation to the stationary roll support for movement in a press or pressure plane. Between the rotatable roll shell and the stationary roll support there are arranged supporting or carrier members which are suitable for taking-up the inherent weight of the rotatable roll shell within the range of mobility of the rotatable roll shell in relation to the stationary roll support or beam.

Abstract: A press roll contains a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell rotatable about the stationary roll support, the roll shell being formed of an easily deformable material. The roll shell is supported at a support surface located at the region of the roll support. This support surface can be convex and possess a larger radius than the radius of the roll shell, can be planar or concave. Guide surfaces possessing a convex profile laterally merge at the support surface. The support surface and the guide surfaces are provided with a pressure lubrication and possibly with hydrostatic bearing pockets. A support part or element can be movable in relation to the stationary roll support or beam in the manner of controlled deflection rolls.

Abstract: An arrangement containing a controlled deflection roll which is supported by means of support or pressure elements against a roll support or beam. There is also provided a regulation arrangement for regulating the position of the roll shell, wherein the position of the roll shell at least at both of its opposed ends is detected by position sensors or feelers and deviations from a set or reference value are processed into two adjustment or positioning magnitudes which act upon the support or pressure elements. Both of the adjustment magnitudes are formed while taking into account a possible difference between both of the reference value-actual value differences and thereafter weighted and grouped together with further adjustment magnitudes and inputted to the support or pressure elements.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling the pressing or line force of a controlled deflection roll comprises a common adjustment or setting element for separate controllable supporting force sources or force-applying sources. Between the adjustment element and the force-applying sources there are connected converters for generating control signals in accordance with a conversion function which, depending upon the nature and/or site of the force-applying sources, has different characteristics. The converter enables interposing correction signals.

Abstract: An arrangement for regulating a rolling mill for metal rolling, the work rolls of which are supported by guided roll shells of a lower controlled deflection roll and an upper controlled deflection roll, the roll shells being supported by means of hydrostatic pressure or support elements upon a related roll support or beam. First regulation circuits are provided for regulating the pressure of the pressure or support elements of the controlled deflection rolls. A second regulation circuit for the position of the roll shells overrides the first regulation circuits, so that adjustment output magnitudes of the second regulation circuit can be impressed as reference or set values or adjustment magnitudes upon the first regulation circuits.

Abstract: A rolling mill is disclosed containing a roll stand equipped with two work rolls which are braced at back-up or support rolls which can be constructed as controlled deflection rolls. The work rolls are equipped at their opposed ends with bending devices for applying a bending moment. Simplified designs of the rolling mill contemplate constructing one of the back-up or support rolls as a solid roll. Furthermore, one of the work rolls can be omitted.

Abstract: A rolling mill or apparatus comprises position detectors or sensors which are disposed upon movable roll shells or movable solid rolls possessing, for instance, hydraulic support or pressure elements. The position detectors act upon regulators for regulating a force differential between a larger pressing force exerted by bottom or lower support elements in relation to a lesser pressing force exerted by top or upper support elements. The excess or resultant of the pressing force produced by the bottom support or pressure elements decreases with increasing height of the position of the rolls until there is established an equilibrium position. During operation there exists an equilibrium condition between the upwardly directed force of the bottom support elements and the sum of the downwardly directed pressing force of the upper or top support elements and the weight of all of the parts therebetween.

Abstract: A roll stand arrangement contains work rolls and back-up or support rolls, the work rolls being laterally supported by hydrostatic support ledges. Within each upright or support stand of the roll stand arrangement there is provided a guide frame which is guided within a window of the related support stand together with mounting elements for the back-up or support rolls. Within the guide frame there are guided the mounting elements of the work rolls in slide elements. There are simultaneously pivotably supported in the slide elements the shaft or bearing journals of the support ledges.

Abstract: In roll arrangements composed of a controlled deflection roll and a counter element the controlled deflection roll is supported by discrete force-applying sources. On the one hand, these force-applying sources are set or adjusted in accordance with a predeterminable mean pressing force and, on the other hand, also can be externally corrected. An external correction also influences the pressing force at the region of neighboring force-applying sources, sometimes in an undesired fashion. According to the invention when there is accomplished an external correction there is acted upon in an opposite sense at least one force-applying source neighboring the externally corrected force-applying source.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll contains support elements or groups of such support elements which support the roll shell in relation to the roll support with forces which differ with respect to one another in accordance with a predetermined function, notwithstanding the fact that the support elements are acted upon by the same control signal from a common control source. When using hydraulic support elements this can be realized by throttle elements or throttle means located in the infeed line to one of the support elements which, if desired, also can possess a cross-sectional area which differs from the cross-sectional area of the simultaneously controlled support elements.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll wherein the individual pressure or support elements thereof have operatively correlated thereto springs which act in addition to the pressure force exerted by the pressure or support elements. At the same time there are provided external pressing or contact devices which exert a predetermined pressing or contact force. These pressing devices, in the work position of the controlled deflection roll, bring about a force equilibrium in conjunction with the pressure or support elements and the springs.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll equipped with a control arrangement, wherein at the controlled deflection roll there is carried out a groupwise control of the support elements in a manner such that each commonly controlled group of support elements contains at least one support element which does not neighbor any one of the other of the support elements of such group which are effective in the same direction, or such one support element is operatively correlated with at least one support element of the group which is effective in an opposite direction. In the latter case where support elements of the common group are effective in opposite directions they may however neighbor one another in the axial extent of the controlled deflection roll. In this way deviations of the mean or average value of the product profile or sectional shape of the rolled product can be reduced, without the expenditure in the number or construction of the support elements or their controls having to be increased.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator, especially a pusher centrifuge is disclosed, wherein at least one rotatable sieve or filter drum is mounted within a housing. Within the sieve or filter drum there is arranged a to-and-fro displaceable pusher or thrust element, for instance in the form of a pusher floor member, which serves for displacing solid materials in the form of a filter cake towards outlet or discharge openings for the treated product. To process thin suspensions with the pusher centrifuge the pusher floor member is arranged for oscillating movement between two turning or deflection points preferably located at the region of an imaginary central line of the sieve or filter drum. A feed or supply pipe for the infeed of the suspension which is to be separated extends substantially coaxially with respect to the sieve or filter drum and its outlet or outflow opening, which extends radially outwardly, is located essentially at the center between the turning or deflection points of the pusher floor member.

Abstract: A roll for use in a rolling mill contains a stationary roll support or beam and a tubular roll shell rotatable about the stationary roll support. A hydrostatic pressure chamber or space is located between the stationary roll support and the rotatable roll shell. Substantially punch or piston-like pressure or support elements are provided for the roll, these pressure or support elements being located essentially in the plane of symmetry of the pressure chamber at the side of the stationary roll support which faces away from the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a stationary roll support and a roll shell rotatable about the stationary support. The roll shell is supported upon pressure or support elements which can be activated by pressurized fluid medium at different pressures. At the end of the stationary support there is arranged a supply head means containing pressure regulators, a common infeed line or conduit and outfeed channels, leading to the pressure or support elements. At the center of the supply head means there is formed a relief bore which is connected with the outfeed channels, provided with a slide and serves for the rapid lowering of the pressure which is effective at the pressure or support elements. The pressure regulators are arranged in a star-like configuration at the supply head means.

Abstract: A hydraulic support element for mounting a movable part at a stationary support or carrier, comprising an elongate support ledge having a bearing surface for slidingly supporting the movable part. The support ledge together with the support or a part arranged at the support delimits a hydraulic pressure chamber containing hydraulic medium which is under pressure and by means of which the hydraulic support element is supported at the support. The support ledge is supported at the support by means of at least two hydrostatic support arrangements having substantially cylindrical guide surfaces. These hydrostatic support arrangements being arranged adjacent one another in the lengthwise direction of the support ledge and containing piston-like parts.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the pressure forces effective in a rolling mill having at least one controlled deflection roll and at least one counter roll, there being provided beams for simulating the stiffness or rigidity of the counter roll and the shell of the controlled deflection roll. These are further provided pressure elements which simulate the effect of the hydrostatic pressure or support elements of the controlled deflection roll, and measuring elements serve to measure the pressure between the beams. External pressure elements can serve to simulate the effect of external contact or pressure cylinders. With a rolling mill having a number of controlled deflection rolls and a number of solid counter rolls, the beams, the pressure elements and the measuring elements can be appropriately grouped or assembled together. The measuring elements deliver signals which can be employed for controlling or regulating a corresponding rolling mill which is simulated.

Abstract: A rolling device or mill having a controlled deflection roll possessing a fixed support and a radially movable roll shell rotatable about the fixed support. Between the roll shell and the material to be rolled there is located an intermediate roll having journals supported at the framework by means of pressure sensors or feelers. The contact force of the controlled deflection roll is regulated such that the journals of the intermediate roll are load relieved. There is thus formed a compensation between the contact force of the roll and the reaction force of the material. The support of the journals in the framework can be adjusted in dependency upon the measurement of the thickness of the rolled material.

Abstract: A calender for processing pulverulent and doughy materials, composed of hydrostatic controlled deflection rolls. Each of the controlled deflection rolls comprises a roll shell rotatable about a stationary support member and hydrostatic support elements which can be activated by a pressurized fluid medium. The hydrostatic support elements of the rolls which coact at a pressure gap or nip, with the same elevational arrangement of such rolls, receive pressurized medium at the same pressure. If the rolls are located at an elevational difference then there is provided a differential pressure regulator for taking into account the effect of the inherent weight of the roll shells. The width over which the rolls can be impinged with the pressurized fluid medium can be adjusted, and equally the temperature of the pressurized fluid medium. The calender can be equipped with four rolls arranged in a substantially Z-shaped configuration.

Abstract: Concentrated sulphuric acid aqueous solutions, stably clear through the time, are obtained starting from diluted sulphuric acid aqueous solutions containing Mg and possibly other impurities such as Fe, Al, Cr, V and Mn, by evaporation concentration. The process is characterized in that, before filtering, the slurry obtained by evaporation concentration, is cooled down to 10.degree.-25.degree. C. and maintained at this temperature for not less than 12 hours.